EXECUTIONS

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24extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions (in that not all these crimesare committed by state agents or with the acquiescence of stateauthorities), the high degree of police and death squad participation andthe impunity that ordinarily accompany these cases provide reason for24concern.Numerous reports written by domestic and international humanrights organizations emphasize that extrajudicial, summary or arbitraryexecutions are one of the most serious human rights problems faced byBrazil. Each year, hundreds of Brazilians are executedordered killed bylarge landowners, exterminated by death squads, victimized in privateconflicts with the complicity of the state, or murdered by police. Theprimary reason for the continued commission of these crimes is the lack ofa coherent state policy designed to prosecute and punish in an exemplaryfashion those who extrajudicially, summarily or arbitrarily execute. At thesame time, intensive efforts by the Brazilian state to develop values ofdemocratic citizenship are also lacking, thus facilitating the acceptance ofshockingly high rates of homicide and executions by the public in general.in cases involving the less affluent classes. The temptation to take justice into one's own hands is na indicatorof the lack of legitimacy of the police. For the masses, lynching is a reaction that corresponds tothe practice of death squads, of police killings of criminals in "legitimate defense," to the torture chambersin all police districts and the terrorism of illegal police searches and arrests.Pinheiro, op. cit., 75.
254Homicidesin BrazilThe data analyzed in this publication were researched byinstitutions tied to the National Human Rights Movement (MovimentoNacional de Direitos Humanos, MNDH) which maintains a database ofhomicides reported in newspapers in all twenty-seven politicalsubdivisions (twenty-six states and the Federal District of Brasília) of theBrazilian federation. The criteria for the selection of newspapers are thefollowing: daily circulation, state-wide distribution, and focus on coverage25of homicides.Initially, we set out the official figures to establish the gravity of theproblem of violence in Brazil. The tables that follow place the totalnumber of homicides reported in selected newspapers during 1999 ineighteen units of the Brazilian Federation: Goiás, Minas Gerais, RioGrande do Norte, Pernambuco, Bahia, Paraíba, Acre, Sergipe, Tocantins,Paraná, São Paulo, Mato Grosso, the Federal District of Brasília, Piauí,Amapá, Roraima, Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo.25. For additional information on the MNDHdatabase, see the Appendices of this publication.
Page 1 and 2: Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary
Page 3: In memory of all the victims ofextr
Page 6 and 7: PART TWO1. Cases of Extrajudicial,
Page 9: 91IntroductionINTRODUCTIONThe prese
Page 12 and 13: 12Executive Summary2Homicide has re
Page 14 and 15: 14overall, in cases with indicia of
Page 16 and 17: 16A Brief Overviewof Extrajudicial,
Page 18 and 19: 18equally valid in the case of extr
Page 20 and 21: 20With the gradual transition from
Page 22 and 23: 22carry out land reform.This practi
Page 26 and 27: 26Next, we analyze a subset of thes
Page 28 and 29: 28At the same time, the public inte
Page 30 and 31: 30dia-reported cases is registered
Page 32 and 33: 32Of these media-reported cases att
Page 34 and 35: 34POLICE VIOLENCEIn the State of S
Page 36 and 37: 36Table 05:Distribution of Victims
Page 38 and 39: 38Analyzing media-reported homicide
Page 40 and 41: 40Tabela 10:Distribution of Victims
Page 42 and 43: 42The discourse that characterizes
Page 44 and 45: 44To these reasons, one other justi
Page 46 and 47: 46responded favorably (either "agre
Page 48 and 49: 48Legal Aspectsof Extrajudicial,Sum
Page 50 and 51: 50one-year legacy of authoritariani
Page 52 and 53: 52the crime of torture in accordanc
Page 54 and 55: 54The research presented in this re
Page 56 and 57: 56impunity stimulates the practice
Page 59: Part Two
Page 62 and 63: 62delay, the accused were freed in
Page 64 and 65: 64as Lea, who affirmed that he was
Page 66 and 67: 66Rodrigues then kicked the victim'
Page 68 and 69: 68penitentiary agent Severino Augus
Page 70 and 71: 703.2. Welington Carlos de Melo, 17
Page 72 and 73: 72shotgun, injuring Odete Cavalcant
Page 74 and 75:
74Upon hearing the youths' explanat
Page 76 and 77:
76carried the minor by his feet to
Page 78 and 79:
78threatening them with a .38 calib
Page 80 and 81:
80The police were accused in an Osa
Page 82 and 83:
82a police station. His mother drov
Page 84 and 85:
84hands on the roof of the car when
Page 86 and 87:
86the bathroom. When the police fou
Page 89 and 90:
89253Recommendations2.1 Invite the
Page 91 and 92:
91should be authorized to subpoena
Page 93 and 94:
93and psychological assistance.2.9
Page 95 and 96:
952.14 Absolutely Prohibit the Use
Page 97:
972.19 Create a System of CriminalD
Page 101 and 102:
101ANational HumanRights Movement(M
Page 103 and 104:
103victims of homicides, it is equa
Page 105 and 106:
105Ceará, Piauí, Rio Grande do No
Page 107 and 108:
10713. Mott, Luiz. Violação dos D
Page 109 and 110:
109In Brazil, CRS supports local pa
Page 111 and 112:
111human rights organizations locat
Page 113 and 114:
113National Human Rights Movement(M
Page 115 and 116:
115rapporteurs to develop civil soc
Page 117 and 118:
117AcknowledgmentsTo the Brazilian
Page 119 and 120:
119Office for Legal Assistance to G
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EXECUTIONS

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