40Tabela 10:Distribution of Victims by Locale (Media-ReportedHomicides Attributed to Police and Death Squads)Victims by LocalPublic Road/StreetUrban ÁreaResidenceDeserted ÁreaCommercial, Financial, ServiceEstablishmentLeisure ÁreaRural ÁreaNo InformationDetention CentersOther Public SpaceWorkplaceTOTALSource: MNDH DatabaseFrequency5641371017160524363322521,148%49.13%11.93%8.80%6.19%5.23%4.53%3.75%5.49%2.62%2.17%0.17%100.00%Finally, it is worth noting that while for media-reportedhomicides, the majority of perpetrators (53.34%) are not identified, ininstances attributed to police and death squads, the opposite is true: theparty accused or suspected to be the killer is identified in nearly two-thirds(62.27%) of the cases. This fact, in itself, should provide an importantlead in criminal investigations into media-reported killings with primafacie indicia of being extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions.
415Considerations onPublic Security andViolence in BrazilWhen one analyzes recent trends in violence in Brazil, the shift infocus of human rights groups warrants attention. With the end of themilitary dictatorship and the elimination of political prisoners, theattention of these groups turns to common criminals, whose mostfudamental rights have been historically disrespected in Brazil.Criminals, or mere suspects, once identified as such by aprofoundly unjust and discriminatory society, these common prisonerssharedand still sharea similarly downtrodden socio-economic status. Theclass element, undeniably present in the repressive actions of our policeforces, has shaped the thinking of many observers, leading their analyses toemphasize the social and historical development of Brazilian society,characterized by the brutal physical repression to which the underclasses(first, slaves, then residents of favelas and poor outlying urban regions)have always been subjected.37In this context, Prof. Nancy Cardia speaks of the "moralexclusion" to which these victims are relegated. It is this exclusion,according to Cardia, that allows repressive forces to commit atrocitiesagainst these common criminals without provoking the moral outrage ofpublic opinion which characterized the response to the abuses of themilitary dictatorship committed against victims of higher social classes. In38this same vein, Teresa Caldeira considers the most profound meaning ofthe attack on human rights in Brazilian society to reside in the"maintenance of the privileges of an exclusive social order."37. Nancy Cardia, "Direitos Humanos e Cidadania", in: NEV (Núcleo de Estudos da Violência), OsDireitos Humanos no Brasil, (São Paulo: USP, 1995).38. Teresa Caldeira, "Direitos Humanos ou 'Privilégios de Bandidos'?", in: Novos Estudos CEBRAP,(São Paulo: July 1991) n. 30.
- Page 1 and 2: Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary
- Page 3: In memory of all the victims ofextr
- Page 6 and 7: PART TWO1. Cases of Extrajudicial,
- Page 9: 91IntroductionINTRODUCTIONThe prese
- Page 12 and 13: 12Executive Summary2Homicide has re
- Page 14 and 15: 14overall, in cases with indicia of
- Page 16 and 17: 16A Brief Overviewof Extrajudicial,
- Page 18 and 19: 18equally valid in the case of extr
- Page 20 and 21: 20With the gradual transition from
- Page 22 and 23: 22carry out land reform.This practi
- Page 24 and 25: 24extrajudicial, summary or arbitra
- Page 26 and 27: 26Next, we analyze a subset of thes
- Page 28 and 29: 28At the same time, the public inte
- Page 30 and 31: 30dia-reported cases is registered
- Page 32 and 33: 32Of these media-reported cases att
- Page 34 and 35: 34POLICE VIOLENCEIn the State of S
- Page 36 and 37: 36Table 05:Distribution of Victims
- Page 38 and 39: 38Analyzing media-reported homicide
- Page 42 and 43: 42The discourse that characterizes
- Page 44 and 45: 44To these reasons, one other justi
- Page 46 and 47: 46responded favorably (either "agre
- Page 48 and 49: 48Legal Aspectsof Extrajudicial,Sum
- Page 50 and 51: 50one-year legacy of authoritariani
- Page 52 and 53: 52the crime of torture in accordanc
- Page 54 and 55: 54The research presented in this re
- Page 56 and 57: 56impunity stimulates the practice
- Page 59: Part Two
- Page 62 and 63: 62delay, the accused were freed in
- Page 64 and 65: 64as Lea, who affirmed that he was
- Page 66 and 67: 66Rodrigues then kicked the victim'
- Page 68 and 69: 68penitentiary agent Severino Augus
- Page 70 and 71: 703.2. Welington Carlos de Melo, 17
- Page 72 and 73: 72shotgun, injuring Odete Cavalcant
- Page 74 and 75: 74Upon hearing the youths' explanat
- Page 76 and 77: 76carried the minor by his feet to
- Page 78 and 79: 78threatening them with a .38 calib
- Page 80 and 81: 80The police were accused in an Osa
- Page 82 and 83: 82a police station. His mother drov
- Page 84 and 85: 84hands on the roof of the car when
- Page 86 and 87: 86the bathroom. When the police fou
- Page 89 and 90: 89253Recommendations2.1 Invite the
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91should be authorized to subpoena
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93and psychological assistance.2.9
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952.14 Absolutely Prohibit the Use
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972.19 Create a System of CriminalD
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101ANational HumanRights Movement(M
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103victims of homicides, it is equa
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105Ceará, Piauí, Rio Grande do No
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10713. Mott, Luiz. Violação dos D
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109In Brazil, CRS supports local pa
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111human rights organizations locat
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113National Human Rights Movement(M
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115rapporteurs to develop civil soc
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117AcknowledgmentsTo the Brazilian
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119Office for Legal Assistance to G
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