Building Competitive Green Industries

TABLE B1. Renewables value chains (continued)Technology Major Equipment EPC O&MGeothermal 32% 45% 23%Power plant• Turbine• Heat exchangerCivil works• Drilling• Powerhouse / surfacefacilities• Site access infrastructureBalance of system• Steam gathering• Control systems• Grid interconnectionOther costs• Exploration and resourceconfirmation• Project consultancy• Planning / feasibility /permitting costs40% Fixed costs• Routine component andequipment maintenance• Operations labor• Insurance30% Variable costs• Unplanned maintenance (e.g.well replacement drilling)• Incremental servicing costs30%Bioenergy 42% 27% 32%Feedstock conversionsystem• E.g. boiler / gasifier/ gas collectionsystem80% Civil works• Construction costs• Site preparation• Building construction30% Fixed costs• Routine component andequipment maintenance• Operations labor• InsurancePrime mover• Power generationtechnology20% Balance of system• Fuel handling / preparation• Control systems• Grid interconnection50% Variable costs• Ash disposal• Unplanned maintenance• Incremental servicing costsOther costs• Project consultancy• Planning / feasibility /permitting costs20%Biofuels 46% 27% 27%Major equipment• Milling / crushingcomponents• Cooking tanksCivil works• Construction costs• Site preparation• Building construction• Centrifuges• Drying systems• Boilers• Thermal oxidizers• Distillation &evaporation columnsBalance of system• Piping• Rolling stock• Forced air• Water treatment /digesters• Storage tanks• Chemicals, enzymes, yeast• DenaturantOther costs• Project consultancy• Planning / feasibility /permitting costsFixed costs• Routine component andequipment maintenance• Operations labor• InsuranceVariable costs• Energy costs• Effluent treatment & disposal88 Building Competitive Green Industries: The Climate and Clean Technology Opportunity for Developing Countries