Innovative Technology and Sustainable Development of Organic - 1.

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IFOAM, 2008. Principles of organic agriculture. Available on http://www.ifoam.org/about_ifoam/principles/index.html IFRE, 2008. Institute of Food and Resource Economics, Copenhagen University. Retrieved from http://www.foi.life.ku.dk/Publikationer/Statistikker/Økologi.aspx IPCC, 2001, 2006. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes. Emission Factor Database available on www.IPCC.ch Kirchgessner, M., Windisch, W. and Müller, H.L. 1995. Nutritional factors for the quantification of methane production. In Engelhardt, W.V., Leonhard-Marek, S. Breves, G. and Giesecke, D. (red) Ruminant Physiology: Digestion, Metabolism, Growth and Reproduction.Proceedings VIII International Symposium on Ruminant physiology. s. 333-348. Kramer, C.M. 2006. Afgræsning og automatisk malkning [Grazing and Robotic Milking]. Master Project at Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen (2006).Available on www.automaticmilking.dk Kristensen, I.S. Halberg, N., Højlund Nielsen, A.,Dalgaard, R.,Hutchings, N. 2003. N turnover on Danish mixed dairy farms. Nutrient management on farm scale: how to attain European and national policy objectives in regions with intensive dairy farming?”.Workshop Quimper, France. Available on http://orgprints.org/ Kristensen, T. and Kjærgaard, A.S. 2004. Malkekøernes foderudnyttelse - Analyser af besætningsdata fra studielandbrug. DIAS report. Husbandry No. 58. 1-49. Kristensen, I.S. 2008. Personal information. Küstermann, B., Kainz, M., Hülsbergen,KJ. 2008. Modeling carbon cycles and Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from organic and conventional farming systems. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems: 23(1); 38–52. Lassen, J. 2008. Personal communication. Lund-Jensen, K.,2008 Market development in organic sector in Denmark. (In Danish). In Development, growth, and integrity in the Danish organic sector, A knowledge synthesis on the opportunities and barriers for a continued development and market-based growth in production, processing, and sale of organic products pp 71-84. Available at http://ecowiki.org/OekologiskUdvikling/HomePage. Markussen, S.M. 2003. Precision farming – Technology assessment of site-specific input applications in cereals. PhD thesis, Technical University of Denmark (www.dtu.dk). Meijering, A., H., Hogeveen, and C.J.A.M. de Koning (2004), _Automatic Milking: A Better Understanding_. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers. Mejnertsen, P., Jørgensen, K., Serup, T. 2008. Økologi Kalkuler in Danish [ Organic Budget calculations]. Available on http://www.lr.dk/oekologi/diverseabb/kfj_080227_okologikalkuler.htm Meyer, R. 2007. Comparison of scenarios on futures of European food chains. Trends in Food Science and Technology 18. 540-545. Miller K.D., Waller H.G., 2003. Scenarios, real options and integrated risk management. Long Range Planning 36, 93-107. Mogensen, L. 2004. Organic milk production based entirely on home grown feed. PhD thesis, Copenhagen University, faculty for life Sciences. Mogensen, L., Ingvartsen, K.L., Kristensen, T., Seested, S., Thamsborg, S.M. 2004. Organic dairy production based on rapeseed, rapeseed cakes or cereals as supplement to silage ad libitum. Acta Agric. Scand., Sect A, Animal Sci. 54: 81-93. Mogensen, L. Kristensen, T., Danfær, A. 2007. Prototyping of Organic Dairy Production Systems Self- sufficient with feed- Consequences on Productivity, Economy and Nutrient Balance. Biological 106 Sustainable Technology in Organic Dairy Farming
Agriculture and Horticulture, 2007 Vol. 25- pp. 13-35 Munksgaard, L.,Søndergaard, E. 2006. Cows’ and young stock’s welfare. In Danish Livestock report nr. 74. Århus University, faculty of Agriculture. Available on www.agrsci.dk Olesen, J.E., Weiske, A., Asman, W.A.H., Weisbjerg, M.R., Djurhuus, J., Schelde, K. 2004. FarmGHG, A model for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from livestock.report nr. 202, arable farming. Available on; http://www.agrsci.dk/media/webdav/filer/jpm/plant__1/jeo/farmghg . Olesen, J.E. 2005. Drivhusgasserne fra jordbruget, reduktionsmuligheder, in Danish.Report nr. 113, arable cropping. Danish Institut of Agricultural Science, Denmark. Olesen, J.E., Weiske, A., Asman W.A.H., Weisbjerg M.R., Djurhuus J., Schelde K. 2006. Modeling greenhouse gas emissions from European conventional and organic dairy farms, Agricultural Ecosystems and Environment, 112, 207-220. Oudshoorn, F.W., de Boer, I.J.M., 2005. Survey of the sustainability aspects of Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) in organic dairy production. In: S. Cox (Eds.), Precision Livestock Farming ’05, (pp. 193-199). Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers. Oudshoorn, F.W., Renes, R. de Boer I.J.M. 2008. Systems in Organic Dairy Production. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 21, 205-228. Oudshoorn, F.W., de Boer, I.J.M., Van der Zijpp, A.A.K., Kristensen, T. 2009. Quantification of Sustainability Indicators on Organic Dairy Farms using Automatic and Conventional Milking Systems in Denmark. Submitted. Pedersen, M.F. 2005. Database extract from 255 organic dairy farms, available on request Poulsen, H.D., Børsting, C.F., Rom, H.B. and Sommer, S.G. 2001. Kvælstof, fosfor og kalium I husdyrgødning - normtal 2000. DIAS report. Husbandry No. 36, 1-152. Updates for 2007 available on: www.agrsci.dk/ . Rasmussen, J.B., Pedersen, J. 2004 Water and electricity consumption at milking [in Danish]. Farm test report nr. 17. Available on www.landscentret.dk/LandbrugsInfo Ruis, M. Pinxterhuis, J.B. 2007. “Verantwoorde en communiceerbare argumenten bij biologische producten; dierwelzijn” in Dutch, [Reliable and communicative arguments for organic products; animal welfare]. Animal Science group, Wageningen University and Research, report nr. 39 Available on www.biokennis.nl Rosati, A., Aumaitre, A. 2004. Organic dairy farming in Europe. Livestock Production Science, 90. 41-50. Schnaars, S.P. 1987. How to develop and use scenarios. Long Range Planning, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 105 to 114, Sjaunja, L.O., Baevre, L., Junkkainen, L., Pedersen J. and Seta, J. ¨ la¨ 1990. A Nordic proposal for an energy corrected milk (ECM) formula. In EAAP publication no. 50: performance recording of animals: state of the art, proceedings of the 27th biennial session of the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR), Paris 2–6 July ed. JAM Van Arendonk). Wageningen Academic, The Netherlands. Somers, J.G.C.J., Frankena, K., Noordhuizen-Stassen, E.N., Metz, J.H.M. 2003 Prevalence of claw disorders in Dutch dairy cows exposed to several floor systems. Journal of Dairy Science. 86 2082– 2093. Sonesson, U., Gunnarsson, S., Nybrant, T., Stern S., Öborn, I., Berg, C. 2003. Att skapa framtidsbilder. En metod at utforma framtidsscenarier för uthållig livsmeddelsproduktion. In Swedish [Form the future; A method to design future scenarios for sustainable food production] Rapport MAT 21 nr3/2003 online http://www-Mat21.slu.se/publikation/pdf/Metodrapport.pdf Sonesson, U., Gunnarsson, S., Stenberg, M., Kumm, K.I., Ventorp, M. 2005 Scenarios For Future Thesis Frank W. Oudshoorn 107
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Innovative Technology and Sustainab
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Innovative Technology and Sustainab
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Abstract Development of organic dai
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Contents 1 General introduction 9 2
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1.1 Organic dairy farming in Denmar
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1.2 Organic agriculture, technology
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a. What are the economic, ecologica
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References Anonymous, 1977. Eindrap
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18 Sustainable Technology in Organi
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Abstract The aim of this study was
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Table 2. Structural development of
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negative influences on milk quality
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consumption, therefore, were not br
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According to the advisors, reasons
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Table 5. Dutch (NL) and Danish (DK)
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2.5 Discussion 2.5.1 Perceptions: D
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ecause of a recently published arti
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References Alrøe, Hugo and Erik St
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[Dairy Production Economy]. Ed. M.
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Abstract The objective of this rese
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data set. As the size of the herd w
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The N output was computed as the N
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of necessary supplementary silage (
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was compensated by the above-mentio
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level. The most important reason fo
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Animal Health Culling rate was foun
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An inquiry made on motivations to i
Page 56 and 57: References Anderson, T. W., and D.
Page 58 and 59: Strudsholm, F., and K. Sejersen. 20
Page 60 and 61: Abstract The objective of this pape
Page 62 and 63: 4.2.2 Sward and herd management Thr
Page 64 and 65: Kristensen et al. (2007). Indoor ex
Page 66 and 67: Treatment P4, 4 hours of grazing, f
Page 68 and 69: Table 3. Total number of defecation
Page 70 and 71: Table 5. Time budget for dairy cows
Page 72 and 73: No significant correlation was foun
Page 74 and 75: 4.4.3 Walking pattern and velocity
Page 76 and 77: When using either total time or act
Page 78 and 79: Poulsen, H.D., Kristensen, V.F., 19
Page 80 and 81: Abstract The objective of this stud
Page 82 and 83: practices in Denmark. Objections br
Page 84 and 85: evaluated based on a costs-benefit
Page 86 and 87: is found to be associated with redu
Page 88 and 89: However, we assumed a minor increas
Page 90 and 91: lactation months when the minimum i
Page 92 and 93: Economic evaluation For each scenar
Page 94 and 95: 310 for N2O). GHG emissions are com
Page 96 and 97: Table 6. Production parameters esti
Page 98 and 99: include the purchase of heifers as
Page 100 and 101: social dimension in the analysis. I
Page 102 and 103: Often “kg milk” (fat corrected
Page 104 and 105: References Alrøe, H.F. Noe, E. 200
Page 108 and 109: Swedish Dairy Farming. Report FOOD2
Page 110 and 111: 6.1 Introduction In this chapter th
Page 112 and 113: quantity, besides from being an imp
Page 114 and 115: additional money, and research shou
Page 116 and 117: area, weather, control of grass gro
Page 118 and 119: dairy industry, retail and consumer
Page 120 and 121: 6.3.5 Mobile automatic milking Scen
Page 122 and 123: 6.4 General Conclusions The conclus
Page 124 and 125: Hovi, M., A., Sundrum, A., Thamsbor
Page 126 and 127: Summary Organic agriculture provide
Page 128 and 129: Cows allowed grazing at pasture for
Page 130 and 131: Samenvatting De biologische landbou
Page 132 and 133: Dit is onderzocht in een beweidingp
Page 134 and 135: Resumé Økologisk landbrug leverer
Page 136 and 137: afgræsning med mælk fra ni timers
Page 138 and 139: Future Perspectives Based on the re
Page 140 and 141: Oudshoorn, F. W. , Nadimi, E. S. 20
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