Innovative Technology and Sustainable Development of Organic - 1.

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Poulsen, H.D., Kristensen, V.F., 1998. Standard values for farm manure:a revaluation of the Danish standard values concerning the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of manure. Animal Husbandry, Report, vol. 7. Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Denmark. Sjaunja, L.O., Baevre, L., Junkkainen, L., Pedersen, J., Setälä, J., 1990.A nordic proposal for an energy corrected milk (ECM) formula. In: Van Arendonk, J.A.M. (Ed.), EAAP Publication no. 50: Performance Recording of Animals State of the Art, Proceedings of the 27 th Biennial Session of the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR), Paris 2–6 July. Wageningen Academic, The Netherlands. Snedecor, G.W., Cochran,W.G., 1989. Statistical Methods, 8th Edition. Iowa State University Press, Ames, USA. Somers, J.G.C.J., Frankena,K., Noordhuizen-Stassen, E.N.,Metz, J.H.M.,2003. Prevalence of claw disorders in Dutch dairy cows exposed to several floor systems. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 2082– 2093. Spanghero, M., Kowalski, Z.M., 1997. Critical analysis of N balance experiments with lactating cows. Livestock Production Science 52, 113–122. Turner, L.W., Udal, M.C, Larson, B.T., Shearer, S.A., 2000. Monitoring cattle behavior and pasture use with GPS and GIS.2000. Canadian.Journal of Animal Science 80, 405–413. Van Duinkerken, G., Zom, R.L.G., Sikkema, K., Vellinga, T.V., 2000.Siesta Beweiding: extra werk maar hogere melkproductie. Applied Research for Dairy Cows, Horses and Sheep, Report. ISSN 1385-0121, vol. 143. Praktijkonderzoek Rundvee, schapen en paarden (PR), Lelystad, The Netherlands, pp. 1–34. White, S.L., Sheffield, R.E., Washburn, S.P., King, L.D., Green Jr., J.T., 2001. Spatial and time distribution of dairy cattle excreta in an intensive pasture system. Journal of Environmental Quality 30,2180–2187. 78 Sustainable Technology in Organic Dairy Farming
Chapter 5 Economic and Environmental Evaluation of Three Vision-based Scenarios for Organic Dairy Farming in Denmark Frank W. Oudshoorn, Claus Å.G. Sørensen 1 , Imke J.M. de Boer 2 1) Aarhus University, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Department of Agricultural Engineering 2) Wageningen University and Research Centre, Animal Production Systems Group (To be submitted) Thesis Frank W. Oudshoorn 79
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Innovative Technology and Sustainab
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Innovative Technology and Sustainab
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Abstract Development of organic dai
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Contents 1 General introduction 9 2
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1.1 Organic dairy farming in Denmar
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1.2 Organic agriculture, technology
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a. What are the economic, ecologica
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References Anonymous, 1977. Eindrap
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18 Sustainable Technology in Organi
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Abstract The aim of this study was
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Table 2. Structural development of
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negative influences on milk quality
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consumption, therefore, were not br
Page 28 and 29: According to the advisors, reasons
Page 30 and 31: Table 5. Dutch (NL) and Danish (DK)
Page 32 and 33: 2.5 Discussion 2.5.1 Perceptions: D
Page 34 and 35: ecause of a recently published arti
Page 36 and 37: References Alrøe, Hugo and Erik St
Page 38 and 39: [Dairy Production Economy]. Ed. M.
Page 40 and 41: Abstract The objective of this rese
Page 42 and 43: data set. As the size of the herd w
Page 44 and 45: The N output was computed as the N
Page 46 and 47: of necessary supplementary silage (
Page 48 and 49: was compensated by the above-mentio
Page 50 and 51: level. The most important reason fo
Page 52 and 53: Animal Health Culling rate was foun
Page 54 and 55: An inquiry made on motivations to i
Page 56 and 57: References Anderson, T. W., and D.
Page 58 and 59: Strudsholm, F., and K. Sejersen. 20
Page 60 and 61: Abstract The objective of this pape
Page 62 and 63: 4.2.2 Sward and herd management Thr
Page 64 and 65: Kristensen et al. (2007). Indoor ex
Page 66 and 67: Treatment P4, 4 hours of grazing, f
Page 68 and 69: Table 3. Total number of defecation
Page 70 and 71: Table 5. Time budget for dairy cows
Page 72 and 73: No significant correlation was foun
Page 74 and 75: 4.4.3 Walking pattern and velocity
Page 76 and 77: When using either total time or act
Page 80 and 81: Abstract The objective of this stud
Page 82 and 83: practices in Denmark. Objections br
Page 84 and 85: evaluated based on a costs-benefit
Page 86 and 87: is found to be associated with redu
Page 88 and 89: However, we assumed a minor increas
Page 90 and 91: lactation months when the minimum i
Page 92 and 93: Economic evaluation For each scenar
Page 94 and 95: 310 for N2O). GHG emissions are com
Page 96 and 97: Table 6. Production parameters esti
Page 98 and 99: include the purchase of heifers as
Page 100 and 101: social dimension in the analysis. I
Page 102 and 103: Often “kg milk” (fat corrected
Page 104 and 105: References Alrøe, H.F. Noe, E. 200
Page 106 and 107: IFOAM, 2008. Principles of organic
Page 108 and 109: Swedish Dairy Farming. Report FOOD2
Page 110 and 111: 6.1 Introduction In this chapter th
Page 112 and 113: quantity, besides from being an imp
Page 114 and 115: additional money, and research shou
Page 116 and 117: area, weather, control of grass gro
Page 118 and 119: dairy industry, retail and consumer
Page 120 and 121: 6.3.5 Mobile automatic milking Scen
Page 122 and 123: 6.4 General Conclusions The conclus
Page 124 and 125: Hovi, M., A., Sundrum, A., Thamsbor
Page 126 and 127: Summary Organic agriculture provide
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Cows allowed grazing at pasture for
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Samenvatting De biologische landbou
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Dit is onderzocht in een beweidingp
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Resumé Økologisk landbrug leverer
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afgræsning med mælk fra ni timers
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Future Perspectives Based on the re
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Oudshoorn, F. W. , Nadimi, E. S. 20
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