Innovative Technology and Sustainable Development of Organic - 1.

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[Dairy Production Economy]. Ed. M. Vestergaard 28–31. http://www.lr.dk/oekonomijura/oekonomiogjura/07-1-17pjece2003.htm. Assessed April 2006. Noe, E., N. Halberg, and J. Reddersen, 2005. Indicators of biodiversity and conservational wildlife quality on Danish organic farms for use in farm management: a multidisciplinary approach to indicator development and testing. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 18: 383–414. Oudshoorn, F.W. and I.J.M. de Boer. 2005. Survey of the sustainability aspects of Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) in organic dairy production. In Precision Livestock Farming ’05. ed. S. Cox, 193-199. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers. Rasmussen, J.B. 2000. Arbejdsbehov ved AMS [Labour use with AMS]. Farm test report, www.lr.dk/bygningerogmaskiner/informationsserier/farmtest/arbejdsfirbrug_ams.htlm. Assessed April 2006. Rasmussen, M.D. 2006. Personal communication Raun, C. and M.D. Rasmussen. 2001. Afgræsningens effekt på malkefrekvens, mælkeydelse og driftsøkonomi i automatiske malkesystemer [The effect of grazing on milking frequency, milk yield and gross margin for automatic milking systems]. Report No. 26, Livestock Production, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Foulum. http://web.agrsci.dk/djfpublikation/index.asp?action=show&id=539. Assessed April 2006. Rotz, C.A., C.U. Coiner, K.J. Soder. 2003. Automatic milking systems, farm size, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 86: 4167–4177 Somers, J.G.C.J., K. Frankena, E.N. Noordhuizen-Stassen, and J.H.M. Metz. 2003. Prevalence of claw disorders in Dutch dairy cows exposed to several floor systems. Journal of Dairy Science 86: 2082– 2093 Søegaard, K., P. Lund, J. Vinther, S.O. Petersen, and O. Aaes. 2001. Afgræsning med malkekøer i praksis, afgrødekvalitet, botanisk sammensætning og management [Grazing with dairy cows, practice, forage quality, botanical composition and management]. Report No. 51, Livestock Production, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Denmark. http://web.agrsci.dk/djfpublikation/index.asp?action=show&id=546. Assessed April 2006. Torjusen, H., L. Sangstad, K. O’Doherty Jensen, and K. Kjærness. 2004. European conceptions of organic food. A review of available research. National Institute for Consumer Research, Oslo. http://orgprints.org/00002490. Assessed April 2006. Van der Zijpp, A.J. 2001. Animal production systems: on integration and diversity. Inaugural address, Wageningen University and Research.. Van Dooren, H.J.C., E. Spörndly, and H. Wiktorsson. 2003. Automatic milking and grazing, applied grazing strategies. Deliverable 25, QLK5-2000-31006, 2002, 26–27. >http://www.automatic milking.nl. Assessed April 2006. Van Ruiterbeek, B. 2005. EKO monitor 2005 [Organic monitor 2005]. >http://www.biologica.nl/ eko- monitor/. Assessed April 2006. Verhoog, H.,M. Matze, E. Lammerts Van Bueren, and T. Baars. 2003. The role of the concept of nature (naturalness) in organic farming. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 16: 29– 49. Veysset, P., P. Wallet, and E. Prugnard. 2001. Automatic milking systems: characterizing the farms equipped with AMS, impact and economic simulations. In ICAR Technical Series 7. ed. A. Rosati, S. Mihina, and C. Mosconi, 141–150.Rome, Italy. Water, C. 2002. Economische resultaten geven reden tot zorg [Economic results give reason to worry]. On request from Dutch extension service >http://www.dlv.nl. 38 Sustainable Technology in Organic Dairy Farming
Chapter 3 Quantification of Sustainability Indicators on Organic Dairy Farms in Denmark using Automatic or Conventional Milking Systems F. W. Oudshoorn¹, T. Kristensen, A. J. Van der Zijpp², and I. J. M. de Boer² ¹ Aarhus University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering ² Wageningen University, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Production Systems Group (Submitted) Thesis Frank W. Oudshoorn 39
Page 1 and 2: Innovative Technology and Sustainab
Page 3 and 4: Innovative Technology and Sustainab
Page 5 and 6: Abstract Development of organic dai
Page 7: Contents 1 General introduction 9 2
Page 10 and 11: 1.1 Organic dairy farming in Denmar
Page 12 and 13: 1.2 Organic agriculture, technology
Page 14 and 15: a. What are the economic, ecologica
Page 16 and 17: References Anonymous, 1977. Eindrap
Page 18 and 19: 18 Sustainable Technology in Organi
Page 20 and 21: Abstract The aim of this study was
Page 22 and 23: Table 2. Structural development of
Page 24 and 25: negative influences on milk quality
Page 26 and 27: consumption, therefore, were not br
Page 28 and 29: According to the advisors, reasons
Page 30 and 31: Table 5. Dutch (NL) and Danish (DK)
Page 32 and 33: 2.5 Discussion 2.5.1 Perceptions: D
Page 34 and 35: ecause of a recently published arti
Page 36 and 37: References Alrøe, Hugo and Erik St
Page 40 and 41: Abstract The objective of this rese
Page 42 and 43: data set. As the size of the herd w
Page 44 and 45: The N output was computed as the N
Page 46 and 47: of necessary supplementary silage (
Page 48 and 49: was compensated by the above-mentio
Page 50 and 51: level. The most important reason fo
Page 52 and 53: Animal Health Culling rate was foun
Page 54 and 55: An inquiry made on motivations to i
Page 56 and 57: References Anderson, T. W., and D.
Page 58 and 59: Strudsholm, F., and K. Sejersen. 20
Page 60 and 61: Abstract The objective of this pape
Page 62 and 63: 4.2.2 Sward and herd management Thr
Page 64 and 65: Kristensen et al. (2007). Indoor ex
Page 66 and 67: Treatment P4, 4 hours of grazing, f
Page 68 and 69: Table 3. Total number of defecation
Page 70 and 71: Table 5. Time budget for dairy cows
Page 72 and 73: No significant correlation was foun
Page 74 and 75: 4.4.3 Walking pattern and velocity
Page 76 and 77: When using either total time or act
Page 78 and 79: Poulsen, H.D., Kristensen, V.F., 19
Page 80 and 81: Abstract The objective of this stud
Page 82 and 83: practices in Denmark. Objections br
Page 84 and 85: evaluated based on a costs-benefit
Page 86 and 87: is found to be associated with redu
Page 88 and 89:
However, we assumed a minor increas
Page 90 and 91:
lactation months when the minimum i
Page 92 and 93:
Economic evaluation For each scenar
Page 94 and 95:
310 for N2O). GHG emissions are com
Page 96 and 97:
Table 6. Production parameters esti
Page 98 and 99:
include the purchase of heifers as
Page 100 and 101:
social dimension in the analysis. I
Page 102 and 103:
Often “kg milk” (fat corrected
Page 104 and 105:
References Alrøe, H.F. Noe, E. 200
Page 106 and 107:
IFOAM, 2008. Principles of organic
Page 108 and 109:
Swedish Dairy Farming. Report FOOD2
Page 110 and 111:
6.1 Introduction In this chapter th
Page 112 and 113:
quantity, besides from being an imp
Page 114 and 115:
additional money, and research shou
Page 116 and 117:
area, weather, control of grass gro
Page 118 and 119:
dairy industry, retail and consumer
Page 120 and 121:
6.3.5 Mobile automatic milking Scen
Page 122 and 123:
6.4 General Conclusions The conclus
Page 124 and 125:
Hovi, M., A., Sundrum, A., Thamsbor
Page 126 and 127:
Summary Organic agriculture provide
Page 128 and 129:
Cows allowed grazing at pasture for
Page 130 and 131:
Samenvatting De biologische landbou
Page 132 and 133:
Dit is onderzocht in een beweidingp
Page 134 and 135:
Resumé Økologisk landbrug leverer
Page 136 and 137:
afgræsning med mælk fra ni timers
Page 138 and 139:
Future Perspectives Based on the re
Page 140 and 141:
Oudshoorn, F. W. , Nadimi, E. S. 20
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