Ujce czxysq ghjåkt rfycrjt zpsrb éfñn cndty njhst gjvt hfyb pfyysö öhfybn

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Aj nj: Fhjy Kbö njd/ Td htq crfz irj kf bv. Äq vj cf b Cb kbb Öfq kb rth d u. Vby ytf gj kbc cnj kj djq lkz yeé lfñ obö cz bkb ghj uhfvvs gj ds it ybz ltn crjq uhf vjn yjc nb. Jl yj bp bc ckt lj df ybq, ghj dt lty yjt Öfh najhlcrbv by cnb ne njv ht kb ubj dt lt ybz d inf nt Rjy ytr nb ren, gj rf pf kj, xnj cht lb bpe xtyysö bv ht kb ub jp ysö jå oby – öhbc nb fycrbö, be ltq crbö, ve cekm vfy crbö b lhe ubö – jåütv cj dvtcn ysö jå ot cn dty yj-gj ktp ysö yf xb yf ybq ds hjc pf gt hb jl vté le 2000 b 2005 uj lf vb åj ktt xtv d xt ns ht hf pf b cnfk jö df ns dfnm 38 ghj wty njd jn jå ot uj xbc kf ghb öj ljd. Cnhf yf dt heñ obö Irjkm yb rb – be ltb b ve cekm vf yt – bp uj hj ljd-ldjq yb rjd Vby ytf gj kbc b Ctyn-Gjk d inf nt Vby yt cj nf exf cn deñn d jå vt yt vyt ybz vb, ghj öj lz otv d hfv rfö vté rjy atc cbj yfkm yjq ghj uhfv vs, ab yfy cb het vjq ht ubj yfkm ysv Cj dt njv wth rdtq Ctyn-Gj kf. Fq kty lf≥, jå hf pj dfy yj uj ghb yf öj lz otq cz d yt crjkmrbö rb kj vtn hfö vt xt nb. Jyb yf xf kb c vf kj uj, jå vtyb df zcm by ajh vf wb tq j njv, rfr ghb dth éty ws rfé ljq bp änbö rjy atc cbq jn vt xf ñn dfé yst cj ås nbz d ébp yb (hjé lt ybt ht åty rf, ghfp lyj df ybt cdflm ås). Pf ntv exfcn yb rb lbf kj uf gt ht ikb r jå ceé lt ybñ åj ujc kjdcrbö ghby wb gjd, bp kj éty ysö d cdz oty ysö ntr cnfö. Rju lf jyb gj yfc njz ot ve ep yf kb lheu lhe uf, be ltb b ve cekm vf yt cnf kb chfd yb dfnm cdjb gj pb wbb d jn yj itybb Åkbé yt uj Dj cnj rf – jå ceé lf kb ≤njy rbt dt ob≥, cj ukfc yj jgb cf ybñ Lä dbl cj yf. R nj ve dht vt yb, rju lf z by nth dmñb hj dfk tuj, uj nj dz ryb ue j vté ht kb ub jpysö dpf bvj jn yj it yb zö, änjn lbf kju ghj ljk éfk cz gznyfl wf nsq ujl. ≤Ghb yj cbn kb änjn lbf kju gt ht vt ys r kex it ve?≥, – cghj cbk Af her Öfy, dhfx, rj nj hsq åsk he rj dj lb nt ktv ghb öj lf vt xt nb. ≤Yt d vb hj djv vfcinf åt≥, – crf pfk jy, yj lj åf dbk: ≤Tc kb z d cb kfö gjvjxm ldev jå ob yfv kex it gj yb vfnm lheu lhe uf, lkz vt yz änj eét zd kz tn cz pyf xb ntkm ysv lj cnb ét yb tv≥. Tc kb änf bc nj hbz rf étn cz yt jåsx yjq, nj njkm rj gj nj ve, xnj nf rbt yt jéb lfy yst rjy nfr ns htl rj gj gflf ñn yf gth dst gj kj cs uf ptn, rj nj hst jåsx yj jn djlzn cz lkz cnf ntq j rjy akbr nfö, f yt j cj nhel yb xt cn dt vté le rjy atc cbj yfkm ys vb uheg gf vb. Jl yf rj dcnht xb yf Kjyu-Fq kty lt dgb cs df ñn cz d jå oeñ nty lty wbñ, yf vt nbd ieñ cz d Cj tlb yty ysö Inf nfö. Yt cvjn hz yf nj, xnj d ds gec rfö yj djc ntq rjy atc cbj yfkm yst hfp kbxbz xfc nj fc cj wbb he ñn cz c yf ghz éty yjq jå cnf yjd rjq b yf cb kb tv, vté rjy atc cbj yfkm yjt cj nhel yb xt cn dj d Fvt hb rt ghj ljk éf tn hfc nb. Änj ldb ét ybt jåsx yj ghb yb vf tn ajh ve ht ue kzh ysö dcnhtx vté le xkt yf vb hfp kbx ysö ht kb ub jp ysö jå oby lkz jab wb fkm yj uj lbfkj uf bkb cj dvtcn yjq hf åj ns yfl jå ot cn dty yj-gj ktpys vb ghj tr nf vb – nf rb vb rfr jh uf yb pf wbz åtc gkfn yjq Ldf afr nf gj vj uf ñn jåüzc ybnm gj zd ktybt änjq nty lty wbb. Dj gth dsö, b ght élt dct uj, Cj tlb yty yst Inf ns – ht kb ub jp yfz cnhf yf, cj ukfc yj ht pekm nf nfv yf wbj yfkmysö jg hj cjd jå ot cn dty yj uj vyt ybz. Fvt hb rfy ws ds cjrj wt yzn jc yjd yst ht kb ub jp yst wty yjc nb b jås xfb, xnj zd kz tn cz jn kb xb ntkm yjq xth njq ébp yb cnhf ys – d ghji kjv b d yf cnjz otv. D bñ yt 2008 uj lf Aj hev ht kb ub jp yjq b jå ot cn dty yjq ébp yb bv. Gmñ jgeåkb rj dfk ht pekm nf ns vfc infå yst jg hj cf, d rj nj hjv ghb yz kj exfc nbt åj ktt 35000 xt kj dtr. Gj lfy ysv jg hj cf, 92 ghj wty nf fvt hb rfy wtd gjl ndth lb kb, xnj dt hzn d åj uf, f 75 ghj wty njd pf zdb kb, xnj vj kzn cz, gj vtym itq vt ht, tét yt ltkm yj, ghb änjv vyj ubt bp ybö – tétl ytd yj. Änb ht pekm nf ns cj jn dtn cn djdf kb ht pekmnf nfv ght lsle obö jgeå kb rj dfy ysö jg hj cjd, d rj njhsö åj ktt xtv ctvm bp rfé lsö lt cz nb fvt hb rfy wtd cxb nf kb, xnj ht kb ubz ≤dfé yf≥ kb åj ≤j xtym dfé yf≥ d bö ébp yb. Ib hj rj hfc ghj cnhf yty yjt vyt ybt j njv, xnj dt hf ghtl cnfd kz tn cj åjq åjkm ieñ le öjd yeñ wty yjcnm, vjé yj ghj ckt lbnm d lf kt rjv ghji kjv Fvt hb rb. D 1796 uj le ght pb ltyn Léjhlé Df iby unjy pf zdbk d cdjtv Ghj ofkm yjv jå hf ot ybb, xnj uhfé lf yt htc geå kb rb yt cvj uen jce ot cn dkznm cf vj eg hfd kt ybt b gjk yj wty yj gjkm pj dfnm cz cdjb vb cdj åj lf vb, yt jå kf lfz xed cn djv cj åcn dty yj uj lj cnj by cn df. F uhfé lfy crjt lj cnj by cn dj, gj ckj dfv Df iby unj yf, jc yj df yj yf ht kb ubb b vj hf kb. (Öf hfr nth yj, xnj jy yt rjy rht nb pb hj dfk, rf rjq bvty yj ht kb ubb). Dj dnj hsö, nty lty wbz vté rjy atc cbj yfkm yj uj cjnhel yb xt cn df cdz pf yf c lt vjr hf nb xtc rb vb bp vt yt ybzvb, ghj bpj itl ib vb d Cj tlb yty ysö Inf nfö, yf xb yfz c gj cktl ybö lt cz nb kt nbq 20-uj dt rf. D jr nzå ht 1965 uj lf, gjc kt yt crjkm rbö yt ltkm lt åf njd d Rjy uhtc ct, ght pb ltyn Kby ljy Léjy cjy gjl gb cfk pf rj yj lf ntkm ysq frn, ghj djp ukf cbd ibq hf lb rfkm yeñ ht ajh ve bv vbuhf wb jy ysö pf rj yjd. Änjn yj dsq pf rjy jn rhsk ldt hb yj dsv bv vbu hfy nfv bp Fpbb, Fa hb rb b Kf nby crjq eJournal USA 32
Fvt hb rb – ghb nj re, rj nj hsq gj hj lbk vyj uj jå hf pbt ht kb ub jp yj uj kfy lifa nf cnhf ys. D xbc kt yj dsö fvthb rfy wtd jrf pf kbcm yt njkm rj öhbc nbf yt bkb be ltb, ghb cen cn dbt rj nj hsö yf änjv rjy nb yty nt dj cöj lbn rjh yz vb gj vtym itq vt ht r 17-j ve dt re, yj nfr ét jå ob ys åel lbc njd, by le bc njd, léfq yjd, ve cekm vfy, cbr öjd, pj hj fc nhbq wtd b lhe ubö. Yf ghfr nb xtc rjv ehjd yt änf bv vbu hf wbz jp yf xf kf, xnj d åjkm ibö uj hj lfö b bö ghtl vtc nmzö öhbc nbf yt, be ltb, ve cekm vf yt, by le bc ns b åel lbc ns jrf ps df ñncz d yt gjc htl cn dty yjv dpf bv yjv rjy nfr nt yf hf åj xbö vtc nfö, d eyb dth cb ntn crbö uj hjl rfö b éb ksö hf qj yfö. Hfc ntn xbc kj kñ ltq, rj nj hst öj nzn cåkb pbnm änb hfpyj jå hfp yst uheg gs. Båe Gf ntkm, hj lbd ibq cz d By lbb ve cekm vf yby, xmz ct vmz bv vbu hb hj df kf yf Chtl ybq Pf gfl CIF d 1970-t uj ls, öj xtn gj vjxm hfp he it ybñ cnt htj nb gjd ge ntv åt ctl b vt hjg hbz nbq, ghb ghj dt ltybb rj nj hsö nf rbt uheg gs vju kb ås jå ofnm cz lheu c lhe ujv. Pf rjy xbd rjk ktlé d inf nt Bk kb yjqc b vf ub cnhf ne he d Jr cajh lt, Gf ntkm jc yj dfk ≤Vté htkb ub jp ysq vj kj lté ysq wtynh≥ cj infå-rdfh nb hjq d Xb rf uj. Änf jh uf yb pf wbz hf åj nf tn ght bve ot cn dty yj yf nth hb nj hb zö rjk kt létq, ghb yb vfz cne lty njd, bc gjdt leñ obö hfp yst ht kb ubb, rj nj hst öj nzn jå ceé lfnm jc yj dj gj kf ufñ obt ht kb ub jp yst dpukz ls b eåté lt ybz b dvtc nt ds gjk yznm lj åhjdjkm xtc reñ hf åj ne gj nf rbv ghj tr nfv, rfr ht vjyn éb kmz lkz yt bve obö bkb eåjhrf uj hjl crbö gfh rjd. Gf ntkm, nt gthm eét ut yt hfkm ysq lb htr njh jh uf yb pf wbb, uj dj hbn, xnj tuj pf vs ctk pfrkñ xf tn cz yt d njv, xnj ås jå hf nbnm rj uj-kb åj d lheueñ dt he, yj crj htt – er ht gbnm ht kb ub jp yeñ blty nbxyjcnm cne lty njd, jl yj dht vty yj gj pdj kzz bv jn rhsnm lkz ct åz vj hfkm yst nhf lb wbb, zd kzñ obt cz jå ob vb lkz dctö ht kb ubq. Bc nj hbz vté rjy atc cbj yfkm yj uj ldb ét ybz Jc yj dj gj kf ufñ ofz bltz cj lth éf ntkm yj uj lbf kj uf vté le ht kb ub jp ys vb vtym iby cn df vb uj hj lf Xb rf uj dj cöj lbn r jl yj ve bc nj hb xtc rj ve cj ås nbñ, ghjbpj itl it ve 11 cty nzå hz 1893 uj lf. D änjn ltym, dj dht vz ghj dt lt ybz Dct vbh yjq zh vfh rb d Xb rf uj, ås kf cj pdf yf jcj åfz rjy at hty wbz. Änj cj åhf ybt gjl yf pdfyb tv ≤Dct vbh ysq gfh kf vtyn ht kb ubq≥ ås kj cj pdf yj vtcn ys vb ghj ntc nfy nf vb, ghb ukf cbd ib vb d Xb rf uj ghtl cnf db nt ktq lt cz nb hfp kbx ysö rjy atc cbj yfkmysö uhegg bp hfp ysö cnhfy ds cne gbnm yf nt ve cdj bö rjy rhtn ysö ht kb ub jp ysö djp pht ybq b jås xf td. Änj cj ås nbt, ghj öj lbd itt d nt xt ybt ghb åkb pb ntkm yj ldeö yt ltkm, ght dhf nb kjcm d cty cf wb jy ysq jå ot ljc negysq rehc ktr wbq gj chfd yb ntkm yj ve ht kb ubj dt lt ybñ. Yf ytv ghb cen cn djdf kb ns cz xb kñ ltq, d njv xbc kt b uf ptn yst htgjh nt hs, hfc ghj cnhf yzd ibt crf pfy yjt yf pf ct lf yb zö gj dctq cnhf yt. Jxtym pyf xb ntkm ysv, d xfc nyjc nb, jrf pf kjcm nj, c rf rbv dyb vf yb tv ås kb dj cghb yz ns ktr nj hs, rj nj hst bc gj dt le ñn yt öhbc nbfy crbt ht kb ubb, jcj åty yj ldjt – by le bcncrbq exb ntkm, rj nj hj uj pdf kb Cdf vb Db dt rf yfy lf, b åel lbq crbq vj yfö Fyf uf hb rf Löfh vf gf kf. Rfé lsq bp ybö ghtlcnfd kzk ht kb ubñ, j rj nj hjq fvt hb rfy ws rhfq yt pyf kb vf kj bkb rj nj heñ gkj öj gj yb vf kb. Jåf ktr nj hf ghj bp dt kb dgt xfn kt ybt yf vyj uj xbc kty ysö cke if ntktq b yf xb nf nt ktq uf ptn, dyb vf ntkm yj ckt lbd ibö pf ht ue kzh ys vb jn xt nf vb htgjh nt hjd. Rfé lsq bp änbö ñé yjf pb fn crbö ht kb ub jp ysö ltz nt ktq ghb ps dfk r lbf kj ue b dpf bv yj ve edf ét ybñ vté le ht kb ubz vb vb hf. Db dt rf yfy lf, ds cne gfz d gth dsq ltym ghj dtlt ybz Gfh kf vty nf, ghj djp ukf cbk, xnj pdj ybd ibq yf pf ct lf ybb jn rhs nbz rj kj rjk pde xfk rfr ≤gj öj hjy ysq pdjy gj af yf nbp ve≥. Vs pyf tv, hf pe vt tn cz, xnj jy ds hf pbk yf ltéle, rj nj hfz yt ås kf htf kb pj df yf lf ét xt htp cnj ktn, yj lkz yt rj nj hsö tuj ckj df cj öhf yz ñn cdjñ dljö yjd kzñ oeñ cb ke. Gfh kf vtyn pf rhsk cz, yt jc nf dbd ght tv yb rf, rj njhsq ås hfp dbk tuj bltb. Ib hj rbq by nt htc r nf rj ve lbf kj ue yf lt kt yf xfk hfp db dfnm cz d Cj tlb yty ysö Inf nfö b d Dt kb rj åhb nf ybb njkm rj c ct ht lb ys 1990-ö uj ljd. D 1993 ét uj le ghfp lyj df ybt cnj kt nbz Gfhkf vty nf ghb dktr kj d Xb rf uj ns cz xb kñ ltq – änj uj ås kj lj cnf njx yj, xnj ås ghb dtc nb r cj plf ybñ gj cnjzy yj ltqcn deñ otq jh uf yb pf wbb, rj nj hfz pf yb vf tn cz jh uf yb pf wb tq vté le yf hjl ysö cj åhf ybq gj ljåyj uj hj lf. Rj vb ntn gj ghj dt lt ybñ Gfh kf vty njd dct vbh ysö ht kb ubq (RGDH) jh uf yb pj dfk dcnht xb d 1999 uj le d Rtq gnfe yt, Ñé yfz Fa hb rf, b d 2004 uj le – d Åfh ctkj yt, Bc gf ybz. Ckt leñ ofz dcnht xf cj cnjbn cz d 2009 uj le d Fd cnhf kbb. Lkz vyj ubö fvt hb rfy wtd dfé yfz hf åj nf d jå kfc nb vté ht kb ub jp ysö dpf bvj jn yj it ybq jce ot cn dkz tn cz yf vtc nfö, rfr d ghb dt lty yjv ghb vt ht dcnhtx yf Kjyu- Fq kty lt. Vyj ujt cke xb kjcm chf pe gjc kt 11 cty nzå hz 2001 uj lf – lf ns nth hj hbc nb xtc rbö fnfr yf uj hj lf Ymñ-Qjhr b Df iby unjy, jr heu Rj kev åbz. Yt cvjn hz yf nj, xnj hfp he it ybz, yf yt cty yst d njn ltym, rjt-ult edt kb xb kb yf ghz éty yjcnm d jn yj it yb zö vté le ghbdth éty wf vb öhbc nb fy crbö rjy atc cbq b ve cekm vf yf vb, nf rfz ht fr wbz ås kf lf kt rj yt dct jå otq. Chf pe gjc kt nt hfr njd 11 cty nzå hz 2001 uj lf öhbc nbf yt b be ltb dj vyj ubö uj hj lfö – yf ghb vth, d Cb än kt, Lty dt ht b Df iby unj yt, jr heu Rj kev åbz – cj åhf kbcm lkz nj uj, xnj ås cj jå of pf ob nbnm vt xt nb jn fr njd dfy lf kbp vf b gjl lth éfnm cdj bö ve cekm vfy crbö cj ct ltq b rjk ktu. D åj ktt lkb ntkm yjq gth cgtr nb dt änb fnf rb ghb dt kb r fr nbd yj ve lbf kj ue vté le hfp kbx ys vb ht kb ub jp ysvb jå ob yf vb. Ltqcn dez gj cj åcn dty yjq byb wbf nb dt, vyj ubt fvt hb rfy crbt ve cekm vf yt jh uf yb pj df kb lyb eJournal USA 33
Page 2 and 3: UJCELFHCNDTYYSQ LTGFH
Page 4 and 5: Ujcelfhcndtyysq Ltgfh
Page 6 and 7: Lj hjé ysq pyfr d vf ktym rjv uj h
Page 8 and 9: Vyj uj kb rfz njk gf by le bc njd y
Page 10 and 11: Ahfy wbc rfy crbq cdz oty ybr Uty y
Page 12 and 13: crjq vt nf ab pb xtc rjq ht kb ubb
Page 14 and 15: Lt vju hf abz dt hs Åhf qfy Uhbv b
Page 16 and 17: uj ce lfh cn dj ib hj rj ghb pyf tn
Page 18 and 19: wth rdb ghj éb df tn yf pf gf lt g
Page 20 and 21: ljv rjyrhtnyjv ckexft. Änb
Page 22 and 23: © AP Ima ges/Xfhkmp Htrc Äy åj u
Page 24 and 25: Jy gj lftn d cel, xnj ås pf cnf db
Page 26 and 27: Dj ty yj-djp lei ysö cbk be ltq cr
Page 28 and 29: gjl lth érb b jö hf ys cdj åj ls
Page 30 and 31: Cñ pfy Vfr lfa ab, hf qjy ysq lb h
Page 32 and 33: gfc cf éb hjd tcnm fk rj ujkm yst
Page 36 and 37: jn rhs nsö ldt htq - ≤lyb jn rhs
Page 38 and 39: Wtynh ht kb ub jp yjq cdj åj ls By

Ujce czxysq ghjåkt rfycrjt zpsrb éfñn cndty njhst gjvt hfyb pfyysö öhfybn

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