The First International Conference on Marine Mammal Protected Areas

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concerning cetacean interactions with fisheries in the region (i.e., justification of whaling to protect fishery resources). ICMMPA <strong>Conference</strong> Proceedings 20
Symposium 3: Networking for the Future of MMPAs and MMPA Networks Moderator: Tundi Agardy Key <strong>The</strong>me: MMPA Networks and beyond – new and visionary approaches Summaries of Presentations: Passing MPAs and MPA networks on the way to a brave new world Tundi Agardy Marine protected areas have been used in some form or another for centuries to address marine conservation issues. Unfortunately, the vast majority of MPAs are too small, overly simplistic, opportunistic in their design, ineffective in addressing some of the most serious threats, and too concentrated on protecting near-shore biomes and sessile species. Fishery management has failed frequently and spectacularly, high-seas issues are becoming ever more pressing, and coastal zone management has proven incapable of addressing threats from afar and of linking effectively with marine management. We are now at a turning point, however, where piecemeal attempts at saving species, recovering depleted populations, and protecting fragments of habitat are abandoned in favor of more holistic and integrated approaches. Tackling ocean issues at ocean basin or large marine ecosystem levels allows us to practice management at appropriate, ecosystem scales. MPAs and MPA networks are important tools for achieving this large-scale management, but they are strategic mechanisms, as opposed to ends in themselves. Networks can enable the incorporation of ecological linkages and connect people and institutions in ways that discrete MPAs cannot, and they can take advantage of economies of scale. A rational approach to conserving and even restoring marine mammal populations is to use strictly protected areas to safeguard critical habitats such as feeding areas, breeding areas, and calving or pupping grounds. But since these areas are often separated by hundreds of kilometers, conservationists must also concern themselves with the areas between critical habitats. Identifying and then protecting migration corridors is one technique to ensure that the links between the critical habitats remain unbroken. Another is to think more broadly about the context in which these discrete islands of protection are situated. Region-scale spatial management, using comprehensive ocean zoning, can help address threats throughout an animal’s home range. Considering suites of species, instead of single threatened species individually, may lead to greater precision in determining what needs to be protected and provide a stronger rationale for needed management measures. Some marine mammals can be viewed as umbrella species. Conservation measures aimed at mitigating threats to such species are expected to result in protection for whole communities of organisms, and indeed whole ecosystems. In light of this, investments in the conservation of marine mammals would represent investments in the preservation of marine biodiversity and maintenance of ocean health. But this can only be true if the ICMMPA <strong>Conference</strong> Proceedings 21
Page 1 and 2: ProCeedingS oF tHe FirSt internAtio
Page 3: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIO
Page 6 and 7: Workshop 6: Creating Regulations th
Page 8 and 9: marine biodiversity and ocean healt
Page 10 and 11: catalysts, partners, or support sys
Page 12 and 13: Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale Nat
Page 15 and 16: Symposium 1: Designing MPAs and MPA
Page 17 and 18: networks in the public eye, on the
Page 19 and 20: Protected Area of Mediterranean Imp
Page 21 and 22: Mia dolphins, dugongs, and loggerhe
Page 23 and 24: Symposium 2: Managing MMPAs Moderat
Page 25 and 26: The following sugg
Page 27 and 28: • The importance
Page 29 and 30: have been that MPA managers lack ex
Page 31 and 32: capacity building in order to addre
Page 33: of a cargo vessel (M/V Dunlin Arrow
Page 37 and 38: spatial extent of such “habitat
Page 39 and 40: Panel 1: Marine Mammal Research wit
Page 41 and 42: used to study smaller-scale habitat
Page 43 and 44: ehavior and cultural trait consider
Page 45 and 46: Bryde’s whales in Southeast Brazi
Page 47 and 48: Ocean-wide, international, collabor
Page 49 and 50: into question the efficacy of IWC w
Page 51 and 52: sanctuaries would benefit from care
Page 53 and 54: Panel 3: How Can MPAs and Networks
Page 55 and 56: Summaries of Presentations: Ship st
Page 57 and 58: How to deal with temporally and spa
Page 59 and 60: • There is a nee
Page 61 and 62: A key question is: Are time/area cl
Page 63 and 64: • Clear guidelines and standards
Page 65 and 66: • Direct greater attention to the
Page 67 and 68: Improving MPAs and MPA networks - a
Page 69 and 70: such as the following: (1) responsi
Page 71 and 72: Summary of Findings: Protected area
Page 73 and 74: This case study follows a familiar
Page 75 and 76: • Protect whole communities of or
Page 77 and 78: Summary Points from Presentations:
Page 79 and 80: Critical habitat designations under
Page 81 and 82: • Important issues for possible M
Page 83 and 84: Workshop 2: Criteria for Marine Mam
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Building networks of MPAs Colleen C
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or biological productivity. A great
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Workshop 3: Getting Stakeholders to
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promise by Queen Victoria surfaced
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Postponement of MPA adoption has cr
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� Clarify errors and misunderstan
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plans and strategies. The</
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networking, often still used among
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Workshop 5: MMPAs and MMPA Networks
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Workshop 6: Creating Regulations th
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Appendix 1. List of Training Sessio
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Appendix 3. List of Marine Mammal P
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Australia Petrachenko, Donna <stron
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Chile Cabrera, Elsa Centro de Conse
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Indonesia Himawan, Haryadi Secretar
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New Zealand Slooten, Elisabeth Asso
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Taiwan Lee, Jeng-Di Assistant Profe
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United States Barr, Bradley NOAA Of
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United States Cottingham, David NOA
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United States Hatch, Leila Marine E
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United States Kosaki, Randall Deput
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United States Moran, Patrick Foreig
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United States Roberts, Eric MPS Pro
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United States Uravitch, Joseph Dire
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Members of the Steering Committee B
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For More inForMAtion: Visit the con
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The First International Conference on Marine Mammal Protected Areas

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