The First International Conference on Marine Mammal Protected Areas

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• Application of selection criteria to ensure objectivity in the choice of the sites, based on the objectives and the legal framework. Spatial modeling incorporates data on the environment to predict relative density of organisms based on their preference for habitats defined by combinations of environmental covariates. It allows areas to be identified as candidate MPAs based on the best description of distribution available, as informed by features of the habitat that have been shown to be important. <strong>The</strong> spatial modeling approach represents a great improvement over approaches that rely simply on measures of animal occurrence, such as distribution maps or encounter rates. When combined with line-transect sampling (called the model-based method), spatial modeling becomes an alternative technique to conventional line-transect sampling (design-based method), suitable for estimating abundance of biological populations from surveys that have not been designed to achieve equal coverage probability. Modeling allows the identification of contiguous areas of highest predicted relative densities, and this, in turn, makes it possible to design potential MPA boundaries that incorporate predicted proportions of relative abundance. It also allows areas with apparently good habitat but few sightings due to low search effort to be identified and further explored. Models can be refitted to incorporate new sightings and additional environmental data, thereby clarifying preferences (and associated mechanisms) and exploring possible changes in habitat preferences. Reassessing the relationships between relative abundance and environmental covariates is one way to monitor MPA effectiveness. <strong>The</strong> modeling results for bottlenose dolphins off southern Spain are based on almost two decades of data. Three new Special Areas of Conservation for bottlenose dolphins have been proposed. Also as a result of spatial modeling, other areas have been proposed for other species, including the Oceanic Area and a multi-species Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Interest. Panel discussions were an integral part of the ICMMPA. ICMMPA <strong>Conference</strong> Proceedings 30
Bryde’s whales in Southeast Brazil – integrating research with MPA management Mabel Augustowski <strong>The</strong> broad continental shelf along the southeastern coast of Brazil supports a large sardine fishery, especially off the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. <strong>The</strong> many islands of the region serve as natural barriers for water circulation and contribute to the upwelling of nutrients, thus enhancing the availability of plankton for sardines. Bryde’s whales feed in this region, mainly during the spring and summer. Little was known until recently by scientists, MPA managers, and the general public about the Bryde’s whales of this region. <strong>The</strong> Bryde’s Whale Project developed by CEMAR began in 2001 in Laje de Santos Marine State Park, an MPA used mostly by divers about 25 mi offshore. With the cooperation and involvement of dive tour operators and using the dive boats as platforms of opportunity, data have been collected on the occurrence and behavior of Bryde’s whales in all months and in areas both inside and outside the park. Also, cruises offshore to the 3,000 m isobath aboard the oceanographic vessel of the Instituto Oceanografico/Universidade de Sao Paulo have enabled observations of possible breeding behavior by Bryde’s whales. Sites near coastal islands with potential for whale watching have been identified. Oil and gas development is regarded as a primary threat. Another potential threat, entanglement in commercial fishing, has yet to be evaluated. <strong>The</strong> Bryde’s Whale Project emphasizes the development and maintenance of close working relationships with local villages and cities. Also, efforts are made to ensure that team members are included on MPA advisory or management boards. <strong>The</strong> government of Sao Paulo State recently designated three new multiple-use MPAs, covering almost the entire coast from shore to depths of 25-50 m, thus encompassing much of the habitat used by Bryde’s whales. A research program established to support management of these MPAs involves, at least in principle, formal links with universities and other scientific and technical institutions. <strong>The</strong> program’s success will, as always, depend on adequate, sustained funding. Understanding our waters – A proposed Protected Area Network for Cetacean Diversity in Bangladesh Rubaiyat Mansur Mowgli <strong>The</strong> Wildlife Conservation Society’s Bangladesh Cetacean Diversity Project has conducted a wide range of research on cetaceans in estuarine, coastal, and submarine canyon waters. <strong>The</strong> results include: (1) a population estimate of Ganges and Irrawaddy dolphins in the Sundarbans mangrove forest, (2) an assessment of occurrence and distributional ecology of near-shore marine cetaceans, with abundance estimates for Irrawaddy dolphins and finless porpoises, (3) an investigation of habitat selection of freshwater-dependent cetaceans and the potential effects of declining freshwater flows and sea-level rise in waterways of the Sundarbans, (4) a study of fishing gear entanglement of Ganges River dolphins in the Sundarbans, and (5) identification of channel characteristics and locations of hotspots for freshwater-dependent cetaceans in the eastern Sundarbans. ICMMPA <strong>Conference</strong> Proceedings 31
Page 1 and 2: ProCeedingS oF tHe FirSt internAtio
Page 3: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIO
Page 6 and 7: Workshop 6: Creating Regulations th
Page 8 and 9: marine biodiversity and ocean healt
Page 10 and 11: catalysts, partners, or support sys
Page 12 and 13: Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale Nat
Page 15 and 16: Symposium 1: Designing MPAs and MPA
Page 17 and 18: networks in the public eye, on the
Page 19 and 20: Protected Area of Mediterranean Imp
Page 21 and 22: Mia dolphins, dugongs, and loggerhe
Page 23 and 24: Symposium 2: Managing MMPAs Moderat
Page 25 and 26: The following sugg
Page 27 and 28: • The importance
Page 29 and 30: have been that MPA managers lack ex
Page 31 and 32: capacity building in order to addre
Page 33 and 34: of a cargo vessel (M/V Dunlin Arrow
Page 35 and 36: Symposium 3: Networking for the Fut
Page 37 and 38: spatial extent of such “habitat
Page 39 and 40: Panel 1: Marine Mammal Research wit
Page 41 and 42: used to study smaller-scale habitat
Page 43: ehavior and cultural trait consider
Page 47 and 48: Ocean-wide, international, collabor
Page 49 and 50: into question the efficacy of IWC w
Page 51 and 52: sanctuaries would benefit from care
Page 53 and 54: Panel 3: How Can MPAs and Networks
Page 55 and 56: Summaries of Presentations: Ship st
Page 57 and 58: How to deal with temporally and spa
Page 59 and 60: • There is a nee
Page 61 and 62: A key question is: Are time/area cl
Page 63 and 64: • Clear guidelines and standards
Page 65 and 66: • Direct greater attention to the
Page 67 and 68: Improving MPAs and MPA networks - a
Page 69 and 70: such as the following: (1) responsi
Page 71 and 72: Summary of Findings: Protected area
Page 73 and 74: This case study follows a familiar
Page 75 and 76: • Protect whole communities of or
Page 77 and 78: Summary Points from Presentations:
Page 79 and 80: Critical habitat designations under
Page 81 and 82: • Important issues for possible M
Page 83 and 84: Workshop 2: Criteria for Marine Mam
Page 85 and 86: Building networks of MPAs Colleen C
Page 87 and 88: or biological productivity. A great
Page 89 and 90: Workshop 3: Getting Stakeholders to
Page 91 and 92: promise by Queen Victoria surfaced
Page 93 and 94: Postponement of MPA adoption has cr
Page 95 and 96:
� Clarify errors and misunderstan
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plans and strategies. The</
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networking, often still used among
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Workshop 5: MMPAs and MMPA Networks
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Workshop 6: Creating Regulations th
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Appendix 1. List of Training Sessio
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Appendix 3. List of Marine Mammal P
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Australia Petrachenko, Donna <stron
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Chile Cabrera, Elsa Centro de Conse
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Indonesia Himawan, Haryadi Secretar
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New Zealand Slooten, Elisabeth Asso
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Taiwan Lee, Jeng-Di Assistant Profe
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United States Barr, Bradley NOAA Of
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United States Cottingham, David NOA
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United States Hatch, Leila Marine E
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United States Kosaki, Randall Deput
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United States Moran, Patrick Foreig
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United States Roberts, Eric MPS Pro
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United States Uravitch, Joseph Dire
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Members of the Steering Committee B
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The First International Conference on Marine Mammal Protected Areas

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