The First International Conference on Marine Mammal Protected Areas

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Panel 4: Managing the Balance between Conservation and Economic Interests within MPAs for Cetaceans Convener and coordinator: Naomi McIntosh Objectives: • Discover common issues based on the experiences of people involved in a variety of MMPA contexts and to find ways of translating the lessons learned into improved management of stakeholder activities, marine mammals, and marine mammal habitat. • Consider the value of flexibility in MPA design, i.e., allowing for adaptive management to cope with the emergence of new issues and stakeholders. • Determine ways of identifying and engaging stakeholders and getting their involvement in marine conservation efforts. • Seek “common ground” strategies that balance the interests of various stakeholder groups without compromising the protection of marine resources. Summary of Findings: Achieving effective conservation of marine mammals is a universal challenge faced by all managers of MMPAs. <strong>The</strong>re is always tension between offering the public a chance to see and experience marine mammals in their natural habitat and protecting the animals from potentially harmful effects of activities intended to give economic opportunities to local communities. Often, tradeoffs need to be made. Management needs to be informed by research on the interactions between marine mammals and human activities, including marine mammal watching and tourism more generally. <strong>The</strong> potential impacts need to be assessed, and monitoring programs need to be put in place to verify impact assessments. Research and monitoring both require stakeholder engagement. Management may include such things as time-area closures in key habitat areas within the MMPA, and permitting mechanisms for marine mammal watching operations, but regardless of what measures are used, they require monitoring, measuring effectiveness, and adaptive management. Conclusions and Recommendations: • Stakeholder engagement is essential. For example, tour operators can be valuable partners in ensuring that their activities are sustainable. After all, their livelihoods depend on providing a quality experience for their clients. • Funding to support research, monitoring, and management initiatives needs to be sustainable and reliable. • Education and outreach to the public is needed to build and maintain confidence that the MMPA is being managed effectively and that the marine mammals are not being harmed by tourism and recreational activities. ICMMPA <strong>Conference</strong> Proceedings 44
• <strong>The</strong>re is a need for better information on existing permitting or licensing mechanisms and entrance or user fees in MMPAs. How well do these mechanisms work? What are the accompanying challenges and opportunities? More generally, MMPA managers need to share their experiences in trying to limit the numbers and types of tour operations in their jurisdictions. Summaries of Presentations: Experience in Commander Islands State Nature Biosphere Reserve, the largest MPA in Far East Russia Nikolay Pavlov Although the Commander Islands are viewed in popular culture as an area inhabited by indigenous Aleuts, the historical record indicates that Aleuts were relocated from the Aleutians to the Commanders by Russians in the 19 th century, with the expectation that they would assist in the commercial exploitation of the region’s marine mammals for fur and oil. Today, some 300 Aleuts (out of approximately 750 inhabitants all told) live on Bering Island, where they subsist in part through hunting marine mammals. <strong>The</strong> Commander Islands State Nature Reserve was established in 1993. Despite efforts at the time to ensure that all pre-existing access and activities on the part of the Aleuts would be duly protected, local residents resisted the designation of the reserve and viewed it as a hindrance and a threat to their livelihoods and welfare. However, since the site was designated as a Biosphere Reserve in 2002, the stage has been set for the reserve to play a more constructive and positive role in the socio-economic life of the Aleuts. Current policy in Kamchatka is to promote the region’s commercial fishing and recreational (tourism) potential. <strong>The</strong> Commander Islands attract foreign and Russian tourists because of their large, diverse marine mammal populations and bird colonies as well as the famous gravesites of Vitus Bering and his exploration team members. Efforts are underway to address misconceptions and demonstrate the potential economic value of the reserve to local communities. For example, indigenous cultural practices (such as dances) have been integrated into tourism activities. As a Nature Reserve, this MPA has the dual responsibility of preserving aspects of the islands’ heritage while also supporting the socio-economic development of the local people. Experience in Ecuador’s Machalilla National Park, with particular attention to humpback whales Cristina Castro Machalilla National Park, located midway along the Ecuadorian coastline, was created in 1979 with the vision of preserving the adjacent terrestrial and marine ecosystems. <strong>The</strong> park contains pre-Colombian archaeological ruins and artifacts, beaches, and tropical dry forest. More than 200 animal species have been identified there, including coastal parrots, seabirds, deer, iguanas, snakes, and anteaters. It is also a winter breeding area for humpback whales. Whale watching tourism began in this area in 1989 when local fishermen took people out to see the whales. Since then, there has been a dramatic increase in such tourism. As a ICMMPA <strong>Conference</strong> Proceedings 45
Page 1 and 2:
ProCeedingS oF tHe FirSt internAtio
Page 3:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIO
Page 6 and 7:
Workshop 6: Creating Regulations th
Page 8 and 9: marine biodiversity and ocean healt
Page 10 and 11: catalysts, partners, or support sys
Page 12 and 13: Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale Nat
Page 15 and 16: Symposium 1: Designing MPAs and MPA
Page 17 and 18: networks in the public eye, on the
Page 19 and 20: Protected Area of Mediterranean Imp
Page 21 and 22: Mia dolphins, dugongs, and loggerhe
Page 23 and 24: Symposium 2: Managing MMPAs Moderat
Page 25 and 26: The following sugg
Page 27 and 28: • The importance
Page 29 and 30: have been that MPA managers lack ex
Page 31 and 32: capacity building in order to addre
Page 33 and 34: of a cargo vessel (M/V Dunlin Arrow
Page 35 and 36: Symposium 3: Networking for the Fut
Page 37 and 38: spatial extent of such “habitat
Page 39 and 40: Panel 1: Marine Mammal Research wit
Page 41 and 42: used to study smaller-scale habitat
Page 43 and 44: ehavior and cultural trait consider
Page 45 and 46: Bryde’s whales in Southeast Brazi
Page 47 and 48: Ocean-wide, international, collabor
Page 49 and 50: into question the efficacy of IWC w
Page 51 and 52: sanctuaries would benefit from care
Page 53 and 54: Panel 3: How Can MPAs and Networks
Page 55 and 56: Summaries of Presentations: Ship st
Page 57: How to deal with temporally and spa
Page 61 and 62: A key question is: Are time/area cl
Page 63 and 64: • Clear guidelines and standards
Page 65 and 66: • Direct greater attention to the
Page 67 and 68: Improving MPAs and MPA networks - a
Page 69 and 70: such as the following: (1) responsi
Page 71 and 72: Summary of Findings: Protected area
Page 73 and 74: This case study follows a familiar
Page 75 and 76: • Protect whole communities of or
Page 77 and 78: Summary Points from Presentations:
Page 79 and 80: Critical habitat designations under
Page 81 and 82: • Important issues for possible M
Page 83 and 84: Workshop 2: Criteria for Marine Mam
Page 85 and 86: Building networks of MPAs Colleen C
Page 87 and 88: or biological productivity. A great
Page 89 and 90: Workshop 3: Getting Stakeholders to
Page 91 and 92: promise by Queen Victoria surfaced
Page 93 and 94: Postponement of MPA adoption has cr
Page 95 and 96: � Clarify errors and misunderstan
Page 97 and 98: plans and strategies. The</
Page 99 and 100: networking, often still used among
Page 101 and 102: Workshop 5: MMPAs and MMPA Networks
Page 103 and 104: Workshop 6: Creating Regulations th
Page 105 and 106: Appendix 1. List of Training Sessio
Page 107 and 108: Appendix 3. List of Marine Mammal P
Page 109 and 110:
Australia Petrachenko, Donna <stron
Page 111 and 112:
Chile Cabrera, Elsa Centro de Conse
Page 113 and 114:
Indonesia Himawan, Haryadi Secretar
Page 115 and 116:
New Zealand Slooten, Elisabeth Asso
Page 117 and 118:
Taiwan Lee, Jeng-Di Assistant Profe
Page 119 and 120:
United States Barr, Bradley NOAA Of
Page 121 and 122:
United States Cottingham, David NOA
Page 123 and 124:
United States Hatch, Leila Marine E
Page 125 and 126:
United States Kosaki, Randall Deput
Page 127 and 128:
United States Moran, Patrick Foreig
Page 129 and 130:
United States Roberts, Eric MPS Pro
Page 131 and 132:
United States Uravitch, Joseph Dire
Page 133 and 134:
Members of the Steering Committee B
Page 135:
For More inForMAtion: Visit the con
show all

The First International Conference on Marine Mammal Protected Areas

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?