JavaScript_Succinctly

The concept to take away here is that complex values are a composite of values and
differ in complexity and composition to primitive values.
Notes
The term "complex object" has also been expressed in other writings as "composite
objects" or "reference types.” If it's not obvious, all these names describe the nature of a
JavaScript value excluding primitive values. Primitive values are not "referenced by
value" and cannot represent a composite (i.e. a thing made up of several parts or
elements) of other values, while complex objects are "referenced by value" and can
contain or encapsulate other values.
How complex values are stored/copied in JavaScript
It is extremely important to understand that complex values are stored and manipulated
by reference. When creating a variable containing a complex object, the value is stored
in memory at an address. When you reference a complex object, you’re using its name
(i.e. variable or object property) to retrieve the value at that address in memory. The
implications are significant when you consider what happens when you attempt to copy
a complex value. In the next sample, we create an object stored in the variable
myObject. The value in myObject is then copied to the variable copyOfMyObject.
Really, it is not a copy of the object—more like a copy of the address of the object.
Sample: sample18.html
var myObject = {};
var copyOfMyObject = myObject; // Not copied by value, just the reference
is copied.
myObject.foo = 'bar'; // Manipulate the value stored in myObject.
/* If we log myObject and copyOfMyObject, they will have a foo property
because they reference the same object. */
console.log(myObject, copyOfMyObject); // Logs 'Object { foo="bar"}
Object { foo="bar"}'
What you need to realize is that, unlike primitive values that would copy a value, objects
(aka complex values) are stored by reference. As such, the reference (aka address) is
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