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Cyberspace Attack. Cyberspace activities that create denial effects (by degrading, disrupting or destroying access to, operation of, or availability of a target) or that manipulate (by controlling or changing an adversary’s information or networks.) 57 All of these overlapping relationships are illustrated in Figure 9. Figure 9. DOD Cyberspace Operations. 58 57 Ibid., 3–3. 26
As can be seen, the topic of “cyber attack” involves not only various potential definitions of what a cyber attack actually entails, but also what means are available to either defensively or offensively respond to such an attack. While these definitions remain fluid, they provide an essential conceptual foundation to allow policy makers to consider how “cyber attack warning” might specifically be implemented by NORAD. F. KEY U.S. MILITARY CYBER ORGANIZATIONS 1. Department of Defense The Department of Defense (DOD) is the executive department of the U.S. charged with coordinating all agencies and functions concerned directly with the U.S. Armed Forces. (See Figures 10 and 11.) Headed by the Secretary of Defense (SecDef), DOD has three subordinate military departments: the Departments of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. DOD’s theater military operations are managed by nine Combatant Commands. (Note: NORAD is not part of DOD, as it is a separate, binational command reporting to both the U.S. and Canada.) 2. Joint Chief of Staff Within the civilian DOD falls the military Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), which consists of the Chairman JCS (CJCS); the Vice Chairman; the Chiefs of Staff of the Army, Navy, and Air Force; the Commandant of the Marine Corps; the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, and the administrative Joint Staff (JS). (See Figure 11.) The CJCS serves as the primary military adviser to the president, to the SecDef, and to the National Security Council. The JCS have no executive authority to command combat forces, which are assigned directly to Combatant Commands. 59 59 U.S. Department of Defense, “About the Joint Chiefs of Staff,” accessed 30 Dec 2014, http://www.jcs.mil/About.aspx. 27
Page 1 and 2: NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY,
Page 3 and 4: REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Appr
Page 5 and 6: Approved for public release; distri
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT For more than fifty years,
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..
Page 11 and 12: 1. Advantages, Disadvantages and We
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. North Ame
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Cyberspace
Page 17 and 18: LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Page 19 and 20: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since 1958, North
Page 21 and 22: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I feel very fortuna
Page 23 and 24: I. INTRODUCTION A. PROBLEM STATEMEN
Page 25 and 26: This thesis then developed three co
Page 27 and 28: II. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW A. INTRODU
Page 29 and 30: Based upon the remarkable success o
Page 31 and 32: Later, because of growing concerns
Page 33 and 34: 3. Cruise Missile Warning While ICB
Page 35 and 36: C. NORAD’S NEW MARITIME WARNING M
Page 37 and 38: When asked about the pending NORAD
Page 39 and 40: Director Clapper then identified to
Page 41 and 42: Level 2. Software tools that can be
Page 43 and 44: First, the Tallinn group developed
Page 45 and 46: More importantly, the NATO definiti
Page 47: DODIN Operations. “Operations to
Page 51 and 52: 3. U.S. Northern Command Created in
Page 53 and 54: 5. U.S. Cyber Command Created in 20
Page 55 and 56: Figure 16. DND and SJS Crests. 2. S
Page 57 and 58: 4. Canadian Forces Information Oper
Page 59 and 60: Figure 19. Cyber Event Conferences.
Page 61 and 62: Finally, the NORAD and USNORTHCOM C
Page 63 and 64: III. LITERATURE REVIEW A. INTRODUCT
Page 65 and 66: Maritime warning consists of proces
Page 67 and 68: Initiative #10. Define and develop
Page 69 and 70: of peace and crisis, and develop th
Page 71 and 72: c. National Military Strategy (2011
Page 73 and 74: This publication discusses cyberspa
Page 75 and 76: MINDFUL that in the years since the
Page 77 and 78: IV. COURSES OF ACTION DEVELOPMENT A
Page 79 and 80: 4. Disadvantages and Proposed Solut
Page 81 and 82: Requires negotiating new cyberspace
Page 83 and 84: E. SUMMARY This chapter identified
Page 85 and 86: V. COURSES OF ACTION ANALYSIS A. ME
Page 87 and 88: 2. COA #1 Synopsis COA #1 is a prom
Page 89 and 90: Requires negotiating new cyberspace
Page 91 and 92: DISADVANTAGES SOLUTIONS WEIGHT Modi
Page 93 and 94: Under this COA, existing classified
Page 95 and 96: Change DOD conference procedures to
Page 97 and 98: VI. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A.
Page 99 and 100:
Finally, COA #3 proposes a joint NO
Page 101 and 102:
LIST OF REFERENCES “2014: Piracy,
Page 103 and 104:
Lawson,Sean. “DOD’s ‘First’
Page 105 and 106:
———. Joint Publication 3-12R
Page 107:
INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 1. Defens
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