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C. COA #2 ANALYSIS (NORAD ALL-DOMAIN WARNING PRODUCTION) 1. Advantages, Disadvantages and Weighted Scoring Allows full cyber event information exchange to both U.S. and Canadian personnel assigned to NORAD. Enables NORAD full situational awareness regarding cyber events that might affect the NORAD warning and control missions. Uses existing technical conference procedures. Does not change existing relationships with USCYBERCOM. Directs NORAD to fuse military cyber event information with current aerospace and maritime warning information to produce an all-domain characterization. Uses proven, legacy NORAD binational relationships and warning procedures to provide immediate all-domain warning updates to both the U.S. and Canadian military command structures. DISADVANTAGES SOLUTIONS WEIGHT Modifies existing Modify cyberspace conference checklists to conference checklist reflect NORAD fusing and dissemination of alldomain warning updates to both the U.S. and procedures. 1 Some classified cyberspace threat information and technical TTPs are not currently releasable to Canadian personnel. NORAD regional headquarters currently must drop off threat conferences during classified discussions. Requires training NORAD personnel to fuse and disseminate alldomain warning updates. Canada. Change DOD classification guidance to allow Canadians full access to cyberspace threat information and technical TTPs. Change DOD conference procedures to allow NORAD regional headquarters to remain on cyber event conferences during classified discussions. Build new training program for NORAD personnel to fuse and disseminate all-domain warning updates. 66 2 2 2
Requires negotiating new cyberspace defense and response policies between the U.S. and Canada. Requires a change in the NORAD Agreement and/ or Terms of Reference. Negotiate new cyberspace defense and response policies between the U.S. and Canada, if required. Negotiate change to NORAD Agreement or Terms of Reference, if required. 3 3 SCORE 13 Table 3. COA #2 Scoring Summary. 2. COA #2 Synopsis COA #2 proposes a much more active role for NORAD, assuming the issue regarding the releasability of classified cyber event information to Canadian personnel (proposed under COA #1) has been successfully resolved. It directs the Command to fuse military cyber event information with existing aerospace and maritime warning information to produce timely, all-domain warnings to U.S. and Canada national civilian leadership using current NORAD binational military relationships and established warning processes. While USCYBERCOM currently provides specific cyber event updates directly to military command centers, having NORAD produce a broader, all-domain warning products to both the U.S. and Canada would help both nations have a better appreciation the effect a cyber event might have had on North American defenses. Under this COA, existing classified cyber event conferences continue as normal and capitalize on information now being fully available to all NORAD personnel. Updated internal operational checklists would be required to reflect NORAD fusing and dissemination of all-domain warnings to both Nations. Also, a new training program would have to be built to train NORAD personnel on producing and disseminating alldomain warning products. As cyber event formation would initially be analyzed by USCYBERCOM, then provided to NORAD for further consideration, there would be no change to the existing relationships between the two commands. 67
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NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY,
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Appr
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Approved for public release; distri
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ABSTRACT For more than fifty years,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..
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1. Advantages, Disadvantages and We
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. North Ame
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Cyberspace
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since 1958, North
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I feel very fortuna
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I. INTRODUCTION A. PROBLEM STATEMEN
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This thesis then developed three co
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II. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW A. INTRODU
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Based upon the remarkable success o
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Later, because of growing concerns
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3. Cruise Missile Warning While ICB
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C. NORAD’S NEW MARITIME WARNING M
Page 37 and 38: When asked about the pending NORAD
Page 39 and 40: Director Clapper then identified to
Page 41 and 42: Level 2. Software tools that can be
Page 43 and 44: First, the Tallinn group developed
Page 45 and 46: More importantly, the NATO definiti
Page 47 and 48: DODIN Operations. “Operations to
Page 49 and 50: As can be seen, the topic of “cyb
Page 51 and 52: 3. U.S. Northern Command Created in
Page 53 and 54: 5. U.S. Cyber Command Created in 20
Page 55 and 56: Figure 16. DND and SJS Crests. 2. S
Page 57 and 58: 4. Canadian Forces Information Oper
Page 59 and 60: Figure 19. Cyber Event Conferences.
Page 61 and 62: Finally, the NORAD and USNORTHCOM C
Page 63 and 64: III. LITERATURE REVIEW A. INTRODUCT
Page 65 and 66: Maritime warning consists of proces
Page 67 and 68: Initiative #10. Define and develop
Page 69 and 70: of peace and crisis, and develop th
Page 71 and 72: c. National Military Strategy (2011
Page 73 and 74: This publication discusses cyberspa
Page 75 and 76: MINDFUL that in the years since the
Page 77 and 78: IV. COURSES OF ACTION DEVELOPMENT A
Page 79 and 80: 4. Disadvantages and Proposed Solut
Page 81 and 82: Requires negotiating new cyberspace
Page 83 and 84: E. SUMMARY This chapter identified
Page 85 and 86: V. COURSES OF ACTION ANALYSIS A. ME
Page 87: 2. COA #1 Synopsis COA #1 is a prom
Page 91 and 92: DISADVANTAGES SOLUTIONS WEIGHT Modi
Page 93 and 94: Under this COA, existing classified
Page 95 and 96: Change DOD conference procedures to
Page 97 and 98: VI. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A.
Page 99 and 100: Finally, COA #3 proposes a joint NO
Page 101 and 102: LIST OF REFERENCES “2014: Piracy,
Page 103 and 104: Lawson,Sean. “DOD’s ‘First’
Page 105 and 106: ———. Joint Publication 3-12R
Page 107: INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 1. Defens
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