Part 1 – A Rapid Participatory Biodiversity Assessment - IUCN

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Table 3.18. Key traded species in Salavan province Common Name Scientific Name Lao Name Details of trade (selling price) Wild Timber species Rosewood Dalbergia spp. Mai ka cha Timber for export; Burma Padauk Pterocarpus macrocapus Thailand Rosewood, Tracwood Dalbergia cochinchinensis ($1,000m 3 ) Mai dou Timber for export; Mai kha nhoung ($ 600m 3 ) Timber for export; ($ 5,000m 3 ) Beng Afzylia xylocarpa Mai te kha Timber for export; Burmese Rosewood Dalbergia bariensis Mai khamphee Non-timber forest products (edible parts etc.) Bamboo shoots Poaceae Bambusoideae (family/ subfamily) ($800m 3 ) Timber for export; ($3,000m 3 ) No mai Local and export Habitat Status Trend Evergreen forest A ST Evergreen forest A D Evergreen forest R D Evergreen forest A D Evergreen forest R D Evergreen forest A I Rattan shoots Palmaceae (family) No wai Local and export (dry shoots) Evergreen forest R ST Palm shoots Arenga westerhoutii No tao Local (shoots) Evergreen forest R ST Galangal Alpinia malacensis No kha Local (Shoots, Evergreen forest A I Tubers) Eugenia Eugenia zeylanica Pak samek Local (fruit , young leaf) food and medicine Dipterocarpus A ST Wild animal species Sambar Deer Cervus unicolour Kuang Traded by villagers DPF, DSF C S Wild Boar Sus scrofa Mu Pah Traded by villagers DPF, DSF,FA A I Red Muntjac Muntiacus muntjac Fan lau Traded by villagers DPF, DSF,FA A I Pangolin Manis javanicus Liin Traded by villagers DPF, DSF S R King cobra Ophiophagus Ngou jong Traded by DPF, DSF S R hannah ang villagers Domesticated animal species Buffalo Bubalus spp. Khuay Domestication and export From the villages R D Cow Bos spp. Ngua Domestication and export From the villages A ST Poultry Gallus spp. Sat Piik Domestication From the villages C D Goat Capra spp. Bae Domestication From the villages A ST Pig Sus spp. Mou Domestication From the villages C D 37
3.7 Conservation issues and threats Direct drivers of change affecting biodiversity and related ecosystem services The Millennium Ecosystem <strong>Assessment</strong> (2005) identified many drivers of biodiversity loss at a global scale, among which the primary drivers were: habitat change, overexploitation of species, invasive alien species, pollution and climate change. The direct drivers of change that influence the biodiversity in the five districts includes land conversion, bombing and chemical spraying during the US-Vietnam War (causing degredation of forest landscapes), over-exploitation of plant and animal species, and the spread of invasive alien species. Haphazard and unregulated clearing of forests for slash-and-burn (swidden) cultivation by local communities is prevalent in all five districts. This has led to the reduction of forest cover, and fragmentation of forest habitats. The practice of setting fire during the land clearing phase of swidden cultivations has also led to the degradation of adjoining forests. The increased incidences of crop damage by wild animals (such as elephant, wild boar, deer and birds etc.) reported by some villages could be directly related to the loss of their forest habitats. Several species of invasive alien plants -- for example Siam Weed (Chromalaena odorata), Lantana (Lantana camara), Mile-a-minute (Mikania micrantha) <strong>–</strong> are thriving in fallow lands and degraded forests. These exotic species usually out-compete native plant species, including those used by local communities. Haphazard exploitation of timber from lush primary forests has also led to qualitative degradation of such forests. Over-Hunting of wild animals is a common practice among villages, and this has led to the decline and local extirpation of many species of medium and large mammals in the survey areas. Overexploitation of species seems to have increased over the past decade, with the arrival of timber traders from Vietnam. Wildlife (mammals, birds and reptiles) is commonly displayed along roadsides, since the Vietnamese timber truck drivers readily buy them. Indirect drivers of change affecting biodiversity and related ecosystem services The main indirect drivers of change that influence biodiversity in the five districts include economicsrelated market forces (such as timber exploitation carried out by Vietnamese traders), weak governance mechanisms, inadequate regulation of natural resource exploitation (including demarcation of land use around villages), lack of alternative livelihoods opportunities or capacity for alternative livelihoods among local communities and increasing population pressure in villages. Table 3.18 A summary of drivers of change influencing biodiversity in the five districts, and their implications on ecosystem services and human well-being Direct drivers of change Clearance of forest cover for haphazard expansion of swidden cultivations Indirect drivers of change Poor agricultural practices adopted in agriculture; Inadequate knowledge on suitable agricultural practices to increase productivity in existing arable land; lack of alternative livelihoods; inadequate regulation of land-use Implications for ecosystem services Decrease of forest biodiversity and related provisioning services; Decrease of surface and ground water resources; Heavy erosion of soil leading to siltation of streams and rivers Implications for human wellbeing Increased incidences of crop damage by wild animals; Decrease of forest products for domestic/commercial use; Inadequate crop yields for year-round consumption; Flash floods affecting bank cultivations and 38
Page 1 and 2: A Rapid Participatory Biodiversity
Page 3 and 4: Contents Executive Summary.........
Page 5 and 6: Executive Summary The Rapid Partici
Page 7 and 8: 5. Conversion of a low biodiversity
Page 9 and 10: Management R5.4.2: Assist in the st
Page 11 and 12: Figure 1.1 Biodiversity Study Area
Page 13 and 14: 1.1.5 How this biodiversity assessm
Page 15 and 16: 1.3 A Rapid & Participatory Assessm
Page 17 and 18: differences and similarities among
Page 19 and 20: Part 2 - Overview of the project ar
Page 21 and 22: Diversity of languages and cultures
Page 23 and 24: Xelanong River with undulating hill
Page 25 and 26: as potential plantation areas. Vill
Page 27 and 28: Livestock grazing in fallow field C
Page 29 and 30: Small road with village use forest
Page 31 and 32: the La Leng mountains. The Lahi Riv
Page 33 and 34: esidential areas are surrounded by
Page 35 and 36: Part 3 - Status of biodiversity in
Page 37 and 38: Leguminosae Dalbergia cochinchinens
Page 39 and 40: Based on current observations and i
Page 41 and 42: 3.5 Important localities for conser
Page 43 and 44: Timber (for housing) Almost all vil
Page 45 and 46: Samoi district, it is common to gro
Page 47 and 48: Egret Egretta spp. Nok yang DSF,FA
Page 49: Table 3.17. Key traded species in t
Page 53 and 54: o Siltation of streams due to soil
Page 55 and 56: Forestry Law (2005, amended 2007) L
Page 57 and 58: During stakeholder consultations wh
Page 59 and 60: 9 Intercropping 10 Community develo
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Page 63 and 64: Table 5.1: Guidelines for buffer zo
Page 65 and 66: Existing land-use around areas sele
Page 67 and 68: IUCN Rapid Participatory Biodiversi
Page 77 and 78: Annex 1: Secondary Data Source - Ma
Page 83 and 84: Annex 3: Primary Species Lists Anne
Page 85 and 86: Remarks: The mammal species recorde
Page 87 and 88: PF - Paddy Fields; G - Grasslands;
Page 91 and 92: Graminae Gigantochlo apas Graminae
Page 93 and 94: unidentified unidentified Mai - o,
Page 95 and 96: Family Common & Scientific Name Lao
Page 99 and 100: Remarks: The mammal species recorde
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IUCN Rapid Participatory Biodiversi
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Plants recorded in Vilabouri Distri
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ecorded Ì Viverridae Large Spotted
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Serpent Eagle - Spilornis cheela O
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Plants observed in Ta Oy District -
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Leguminosae Acacia megdalena Legumi
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malaceaesis Zingiberaceae Alpinia b
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Mammals recorded in Samoi District
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Sciuridae Berdmore's Squirrel - Men
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Agamidae Water Dragon - Pysignathus
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Plants observed in Samoi District -
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Annex 4: Consolidated Secondary Spe
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B46 Steinmetz, R., T. Stones & T. C
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order) ,The Dakchung Plateau IUCN R
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Annex 4.1: Plant Species Family Nam
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Part 1 – A Rapid Participatory Biodiversity Assessment - IUCN

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