2016 DEFENCE WHITE PAPER

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122 CHAPTER FIVE: POSITIONING DEFENCE FOR TOMORROW’S CHALLENGES important combat capability from the United States, including fighter and transport aircraft, naval combat systems and helicopters. Around 60 per cent of our acquisition spending is on equipment from the United States. The cost to Australia of developing these high-end capabilities would be beyond Australia’s capacity without the alliance. 5.22 The Government will continue to invest in capabilities that maintain high levels of interoperability with the United States. Interoperability allows our forces to integrate when they are working together on operations and enhances the effectiveness of our combined capabilities. We will emphasise capabilities that allow us to operate more seamlessly with United States forces in maritime sub-surface and surface and air environments, as well as across the electro-magnetic spectrum. SECTION TWO CAPABILITY 5.23 The Australia-United States Defence Trade Cooperation Treaty represents a significant contribution to our bilateral relationship in achieving and sustaining interoperable forces, and also represents significant opportunities for the partnership between our respective defence industries and defence organisations. 5.24 The alliance, and Australia’s membership of the Five-Eyes intelligence community (comprising Australia, the United States, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Canada) provides Australia with information superiority and intelligence cooperation that is a vital input into our defence planning. The Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap makes a critical contribution to the security interests of Australia and the United States, delivering information on intelligence priorities such as terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and military and weapons developments, while contributing to the verification of arms control and disarmament agreements. All activities at Pine Gap are governed by the Australian Government’s long-standing policy of full knowledge and concurrence, ensuring that all activities at the Joint Facility are consistent with Australia’s interests.
International defence relationships 123 5.25 Australia welcomes and supports the critical role of the United States in ensuring stability in the Indo-Pacific region. The levels of security and stability we seek in the Indo-Pacific would not be achievable without the United States. 5.26 The United States’ strategic rebalance to the Indo-Pacific region, strongly supported by Australia including through the United States Force Posture Initiatives, will be an essential ingredient in preserving stability and security over the coming decades. The United States Force Posture Initiatives in northern Australia are being implemented under the legally-binding Force Posture Agreement signed at the 2014 Australia-United States Ministerial Meeting. They will expand our cooperation, increase opportunities for combined training and exercises and deepen the interoperability of our armed forces. 5.27 Under the Force Posture Agreement, Australia and the United States will continue to work towards the full United States Marine Air-Ground Task Force of around 2,500 personnel and equipment rotating through Australia by 2020, during the six month dry season, while at the same time expanding our Air Force cooperation. We expect more rotations of United States aircraft through northern Australia and increased combined training and exercises. We will also continue to build our already strong naval cooperation through increased training and exercises. SECTION TWO CAPABILITY 5.28 The United States Force Posture Initiatives will also provide opportunities for broader collaboration between the United States, Australia and partners in the Indo-Pacific, including Japan, improving the response to contingencies in the Indo-Pacific region such as humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations. 5.29 United States leadership of international coalitions to respond to global challenges provides the strategic weight, combat power and influence to bring countries together to effectively address these challenges. The United States will continue to look to other partners, including Australia, 2016 DEFENCE WHITE PAPER
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4 TABLE OF CONTENTS The United Stat
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6 TABLE OF CONTENTS The South Pacif
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10 MINISTER’S INTRODUCTION The Au
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14 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY dynamics betwe
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16 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY that terrorism
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18 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY to address thr
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22 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY International
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24 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Government
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26 ' SECTION ONE Strategy CHAPTER O
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29 ``Chapter One: The Government’
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Why now? 31 strategy and budget, de
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Managing strategic risk 33 1.15 A s
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Managing strategic risk 35 role in
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39 ``Chapter Two: Strategic Outlook
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Australia’s security environment
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Regional security environments 53 L
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Regional security environments 65 C
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67 ``Chapter Three: Australia
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Strategic Defence Interests 69 and
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The funding model 179 provided assu
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How will Defence funding be spent?
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Budgeting in Defence 183 8.18 Imple
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