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quantity (how much)
quality (how well)
target group (who)
time/duration (when and for how long)
location (where)
The meaning of an Objectively Verifiable indicator is that the information collected should be
the same if collected by different people (i.e it is not open to the subjective opinion/bias of one
person). Indicators should also be independent of each other, each one relating to only one
objective in the Intervention Logic, i.e. to either the Overall Objective, the Project Purpose or
to one Result (EC, 2004, p. 80).
Sources of Verification (SOV)
Once indicators are formulated, the source of information and means of collection should be
specified. This will help to test whether or not the indicator can be realistically measured at the
expense of a reasonable amount of time, money and effort.
The SOV should specify:
the format in which the information should be made available (e.g. progress reports,
project accounts, project records, official statistics etc.)
who should provide the information
how regularly it should be provided. (e.g. monthly, annually etc.) (EC, 1999, p. 30)
Verification data should be timely, cost effective to collect, reliable and independent of biases.
If the information is not readily available in a format suitable for monitoring and evaluation,
specific arrangements for data collection should be included in the project activities. (FAO,
2001, p. 44)
Examples of Sources of Verification
reports user surveys accounts
newspaper articles participatory evaluation official statistics
minutes of meetings certificates pictures & videos
Source: Blackman, 2003, p. 56
Activity and Resource Schedules
Activities that need to be performed to produce the project results should be clearly identified.
An Activity Schedule is a format for analyzing and graphically presenting project activities. It
helps to identify their logical sequence, expected duration, any dependencies that exist between
activities, and provides a basis for allocating management responsibility.