Acts of Apostle Thomas

More documents

Recommendations

Info

XIV SIGNIFICANCE OF SANSKRIT: M. M. NINAN _____________________________________________________________________________ XIV THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SANSKRIT Sanskrit : the Key to Indian Religious History Though Sanskrit is claimed to be the oldest language in the universe, the sanskrit as we know today is of very recent origin. “The first epigraphic evidence of Sanskrit is seen in 150 AD and this inscription is in the Brahmi script.” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1982). From the fifth century A.D. classical Sanskrit is seen to be the dominant language in the inscriptions. Earlier documents used Pali and Prakrit. Asoka who took every care to make his messages intelligible to the common man used all existing scripts and languages. These 3 rd Century inscriptions do not include Sanskrit. It included Prakrit, Greek and Aramaic. But no Sanskrit is found because it was not in existence at that time. 195
XIV SIGNIFICANCE OF SANSKRIT: M. M. NINAN _____________________________________________________________________________ Sanskrit was developed out of Prakrit and other existing languages during the interval of 100 AD to 150 AD “The first evidence of classical Sanskrit is found as an inscription dating around A.D.150 in the Brahmi script. It records the repair of a dam originally built by Chandragupta Maurya, and also contains a panegyric in verse, which can be regarded as the first literary composition in classical Sanskrit. It is at Girnar in Kathiawar and was inscribed by Rudradamana, the Saka Satrap of Ujjayini, on the same rock on which the Fourteen Rock Edicts of Asoka were also found. It is significant that Rudradamana employed classical Sanskrit in a region where about four hundred years before him Asoka had used only Prakrit. This definitely proves that in the second century AD Sanskrit was replacing the dialects. Even so the language did not replace Prakrit everywhere, but it continued to be used in inscriptions for something like one hundred years or even more after this date. However, from the fifth century A.D. classical Sanskrit is seen to be the dominant language in the inscriptions.” ( Hinduism, by Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Oxford University Press, USA, 1979.) If that is the case in what language was the Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads transmitted since Sanskrit did not exist? Except for most part of Rig Veda all others are written in Sanskrit. What that tells us that they were written only after the first century AD. This evidently puts new and sharp change in the way we look at Hinduism. In fact Hinduism did not come to exist before first century. Hinduism is totally different from the Vedic religion. The mistake early indologists who came from Europe was to assume the continuity of Vedic religion and Hindu religion. Hindu religion itself was a convenient artificial definition of the British. Thus apart from portions of the Veda which were not written in Sanskrit, all other Vedas, Upanishads, Brahmanas and Puranas etc were written down later than 100 AD at liberal estimate. They must have been written down much later in actual fact. A more realistic estimate will be around 6 th Centaury AD. “The pious view is that the Vedas are eternal and uncreated and exist essentially as sound. More conventional, but still pious, scholarship may still exaggerate the antiquity of the Vedas, sometimes claiming they go back to 10,000 BC or earlier. Now, however, it looks like even the oldest parts of the Rg Veda do not antedate the arrival of the Arya in India, although the gods and elements of the stories are older, since they are attested with Iranian peoples and the Mitanni, with parallels in Greek and Latin mythology.” (Kelly Ross) “Thus for instance the vast amalgamation of Puranic tradition known as the Skandapurana, as far as we can speak of it as a single work at all, cannot be older than the 16th century, as has been shown in the Groningen Skandapurana project (see Adriaensen et al 1994). Many scientific manuals and commentaries were composed during the 17th and 18th centuries, and a 19th century compilation, the Sukraniti, passed for a long time as a genuine ancient work. And of course Indian scholars of traditional learning are all the time producing new Sanskrit literature.” Klaus Karttunen http://folklore.ee/folklore/vol8/veda.htm 196
Page 3 and 4:
ACTS OF THE APOSTLE THOMAS THE STOR
Page 5 and 6:
Foreword "This Thomas preached the
Page 7 and 8:
Dedicated to My Father & Mother Who
Page 10 and 11:
THE ACTS OF APOSTLE THOMAS : M. M.
Page 12 and 13:
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
II AD 30 - 40 PARTHIAN MISSION APOS
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
III AD 40 ARRIVAL OF APOSTLE THOMAS
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
IV DORMITION OF MARY : M. M. NINAN
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
V AD 51 SOCOTRA MISSION : M. M. NIN
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
VI KERALA TRADITION : M. M. NINAN T
Page 66 and 67:
VI KERALA TRADITION : M. M. NINAN N
Page 68 and 69:
VI KERALA TRADITION : M. M. NINAN T
Page 70 and 71:
VI KERALA TRADITION : M. M. NINAN 6
Page 72 and 73:
VII CHINA EVANGELIZATON : M. M. NIN
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
VIII CHINA EVANGELIZATON : M. M. NI
Page 94 and 95:
THE DREAM OF EMPEROR MINGDI Kong Wa
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
X 72 AD APOSTLE ST. THOMAS 99 MARTY
Page 110 and 111:
X 72 AD APOSTLE ST. THOMAS 101 MART
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
X REFERENCES TO THOMAS CHRISTIAN TR
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
9. Ambrose of Milan: 339-397 AD X R
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
XI BARTHOLOMEW 125 MISSION : M. M.
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
XII KALABHRA INTER-REGNUM : M. M. N
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155: XII KALABHRA INTER-REGNUM : M. M. N
Page 164 and 165: XIII THE THOMAS WAY: SAIVISM AND NA
Page 206 and 207: XIV SIGNIFICANCE OF SANSKRIT: M. M.
Page 232 and 233: XV CHRISTIAN INFLUENCE ON BUDDHISM:
Page 248 and 249: XVI DEVELOPMENT OF VAISHNAVITE HERE
Page 254 and 255:
XVII MAHABALI CONNECTION : M. M. NI
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
XVIII SURAYA IMMIGRATION : M. M. NI
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
XIX SYNCRETIZATION : M. M. NINAN __
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
XX RECENT HISTORY : M. M. NINAN ___
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
HISTORY OF THE EARLY CHRISTIANITY I
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
show all

Acts of Apostle Thomas

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?