eastern arc mountains forests of tanzania - Campaign for the ...

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Eastern Arc Mountains Forests of Tanzania Number of species 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Mkingu pNR Uluguru NR Taita Hills Uzungwa Scarp pNR Amani NR Kanga FR Udzungwa Mts NP Mamiwa Kisara N & S Chome pNR VERTEBRATES Kilombero NR Magamba pNR Mazumbai Pvt Nilo NR Sali FR Ukami FR Mafwomero FR Magrotto FR Mtai FR Segoma FR Other Eastern Arc endemic species Single site endemic species Ambangulu FR Kwamgumi FR Mkungwe FR Bamba FR Kambai FR Kigogo FR Ukwiva FR Figure 7 Importance of Eastern Arc protected areas for vertebrates, ranked according to the number of species endemic to each site. Also shown is the total number of endemic vertebrates for each protected area. The 8 nature reserves (Mkingu, Uluguru, Uzungwa Scarp, Amani, Kilombero, Nilo, Chome and Magamba) and 1 national park (Udzungwa Mountains) have been selected for inclusion in the serial nomination, based on the above considerations, their nature conservation designation and their comparatively larger sizes (see Annex 3). Within these 9 protected areas are found 77% of the 170 single-site endemic plant taxa, 70% of the 47 single-site endemic vertebrates and 76% of the 118 vertebrates endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains. This series of core areas that comprise the World Heritage nomination are spatially well distributed across the Eastern Arc Mountains (Map 1, Executive Summary) and feature much of the Outstanding Universal Value that is contained within these Mountains. Future additions to the series Biological surveys are not evenly distributed across the Eastern Arc Mountains, despite the huge investments of time and resources in the last few decades. Amongst the sites included in this serial nomination, Amani, Nilo, Uluguru, Mkingu and Kilombero nature reserves have all been intensively surveyed for biodiversity. However, Chome, Magamba and Uzungwa Scarp proposed nature reserves and the Udzungwa Mountains National Park have not been so intensively investigated and this may have influenced their ranking in Figures 6 and 7. There are also some well-surveyed reserves that do not rank highly in the assessment (Figures 6 and 7) and these are not expected to be found of critical importance with respect to the World Heritage List, even with further surveys. Such sites include the forest in North Pare Mountains and most of the forests in the Mufindi portion of the Udzungwa Mountains. Other mountain blocks of potential global importance for biodiversity include Mahenge, Ukaguru, Rubeho and, in Kenya, Taita Hills, all of which support a small number of plant and vertebrate species endemic to a single mountain block (Figures 3 and 4). Other fairly well-surveyed sites in Tanzania of potential Outstanding Universal Value for biodiversity are: Sali Forest Reserve (Mahenge Block), Mafwomero Forest Reserve (Rubeho), Mamiwa-Kisara Forest Reserve (Ukaguru), Kanga Forest Reserve (Nguru), and the gradation to lowlands in Derema / Kwamgumi / Segoma / Kambai forest reserves (East Usambara). These sites fall within the aforementioned mountain blocks or, in the case of East Usambaras, are already represented within the serial nomination. However, all of these sites lack adequate legal protection status and management provisions and, therefore, do not merit inclusion in the Eastern Arc Mountains Forests serial property at this time. It is anticipated that these and perhaps some other reserves will merit inclusion in the serial property at an appropriate time in the future. There is also the potential for this serial property to become a transnational serial property, with the addition of the Taita Hills by the Government of Kenya. Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism 28
Eastern Arc Mountains Forests of Tanzania SOUTH PARE MOUNTAIN BLOCK This mountain block is wholly confined to Same District in Kilimanjaro region. It reaches up to 2,463 m altitude. The area is heavily populated with about 94,837 people distributed across 49 villages in the highlands. Most of the land outside the government reserves and village and traditionally managed forest patches is farmland. The forest habitat ranges from sub-montane to montane and upper montane, with areas of montane heath in Chome. Common tree species include Parinari excelsa in the sub-montane forest and species such as Octotea usambarensis, Albizia gummifera and Podocarpus latifolius in the montane forests. Biodiversity The biodiversity values of the South Pare Mountains are moderate with 1 strictly endemic vertebrate animal, the South Pare white-eye (Zosterops winifredae) and eight other vertebrate species that are confined to the Eastern Arc Mountains. Similar moderate rates of endemism are seen in plants, with six vascular reports endemic to the South Pare. The Chome forest has been fairly well surveyed for biodiversity, but the other forests are not known. In particular there has been little study of the amphibians and reptiles. Threats The Chome forest reserve has been logged over many years for its valuable timber species, but intense efforts by the government have brought the situation under some control. The higher staffing levels afforded by the status of Nature Reserve, when declared, will further address this issue in the future. Fire is also a management challenge in the South Pare Mountains, and when forests are damaged by fire they can be invaded by the alien tree species black wattle and Eucalyptus. Core elements of the World Heritage property. Chome proposed Nature Reserve, which covers some 14,282 ha. Buffer elements of the World Heritage property. Immediately surrounding Chome are some small local authority Forest Reserves: Chongweni, Gonja and Kankoma. These reserves total around 250 ha. Other reserves in the South Pare Mountains. The following reserves also contain natural habitat: Chambogo, Kiranga-Hengae, Kankoma, Kisiwani, Vumari, Kwizu, Maganda, two proposed Forest Reserves (Kwamwenda, Mwala) and three proposed Village Forest Reserves (Dido, Mambugi, Ishereto) supporting Eastern Arc forest. These total around 7,000 ha. Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism 29
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