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Eastern Arc Mountains Forests of Tanzania CHOME PROPOSED NATURE RESERVE Name of site: Chome Designation: Forest Reserve Proposed Nature Reserve Gazette notification: Government Notice No. 125 (Boundary maps: JB 338, JB 339 and JB 340, 1957) Date of notification: 25/5/1951 (followed by Variation Order No. 303 of 20/6/1958) Land ownership: Forestry and Beekeeping Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism Area (ha): 14,283 ha Location Centre point: Between 4 0 10’ - 4 0 24 South and 37 0 53` - 38 0 00` East Districts: Same Mountain Block: South Pare Brief description Geography: Chome lies on the highest ridges and plateau of the ancient crystalline South Pare Mountains, which are rich in mica deposits, with rock faces exposed at higher altitudes. Basement rocks are gneiss and magmatite pre-Cambrian crystalline. The Reserve has a high catchment value due to the high rainfall and its extensive forest cover. Settlements: Surrounded by 27 villages, with a total population of 60,916 (2008) whose main activities are agriculture and subsistence livestock farming. Altitudinal range: 1,250 – 2,463 m (Mt Shengena, the highest peak of South Pare) Climate: Estimated annual rainfall is 1,400 mm. The short rains are between November and December and long rains between March and May. Eastern slopes receive more rainfall than western slopes, with a mist effect at higher altitudes. Temperature ranges between 15 o C minimum (July) and 20 o C maximum (February). Vegetation: Main vegetation types are submontane, montane and upper montane forest. Montane forest occurs above 1,500 m, with a drier type on lower slopes and rainshadow areas, and a wetter type covering about 60% of the Reserve mainly on eastern and western slopes of valleys at 2,000 – 2,300m. Ocotea usambarensis is the dominant emergent tree, with specimens 45 m in height and 2 m in diameter being common. Moss-covered upper montane forest occurs above 2,300 m, with elfin forest on the highest ridges. Primary heath, dominated by Erica arborea, occurs along rocky ridges in shallow, acidic soils; secondary heath and grassland have colonized large areas between 1,600 m and 2,000 m in drier montane forest that have been subject to fires. Species diversity: Plant and animal surveys have been undertaken in 1999-2001. Plant collections are entered on the TROPICOS database, maintained by the Missouri Botanical Gardens. Some 20 plant species are of particular interest including: Manikara bakuzi which was previously reported from Southern Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Northern and Central Kenya; Penteria adolf-frederecii sub sp. keniensis which was previously reported only from Kenya, with a tentative record from the Themi River near Arusha; Melletia oblate sub sp. tentesis and Coffea fadenii, which were previously considered endemic to Taita Hills in Kenya; Manikara obovata which was known from West and Central Africa, Zambia, Angola and in Tanzania only from Bukoba and Musoma District; Macaranga modadra and Rytigynia unbelluata which are Guinea Congolean species previously known in Tanzania only from Bukoba, Kigoma and Mpanda District; Pouteria adolf, friedericii sub sp. australis which was previously reported from the Zambia/Malawi border; and South Western Tanzania and Mistrostigma usambarensis, which was considered endemic to the Usambara. Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism 30
Eastern Arc Mountains Forests of Tanzania Summary of biodiversity values: Taxonomic group There is remarkable variation in term of species composition between the northern and southern parts of Chome and between leeward and windward sides. Studies also indicate that the western side is richer in species than the eastern side (Phillips, 2000). No. species. No. endemic species No. threatened endemic/ nearendemic species OUV - Site endemic species No. endemic spp. No. threatened endemic species Flora *500 not compiled not compiled 0 not compiled Amphibians 2 2 0 0 Reptiles 1 0 0 0 Birds 94 3 1 1 1 Mammals 2 2 0 0 Vertebrates 8 5 1 1 *Woody plant species (2001 draft management plan) Management Plan Period: 2009/10 – 2013/14 Status: Prepared September 2009 and awaiting approval Staffing: Currently there is 11 staff, with 1 conservator, 3 technical officers and 7 forest assistants and beat officers. A total complement of 55 staff is planned for 2010/11. Budget: The total budget for the five year period is T.Shs 3,368.5 million. The Work Plan for 2009/10 is budgeted at T.Shs 897,459,000. Goal: The entire Chome proposed Nature Reserve will be managed primarily to protect biodiversity, water catchments and cultural values. Objectives: There are seven objectives for the proposed Nature Reserve: � To preserve habitats, ecosystems and species in as undisturbed state as possible. � To maintain genetic resources in a dynamic and evolutionary state. � To maintain established ecological processes. � To safeguard structural landscape features or rock exposures objectives continue. � To secure examples of the natural environmental for scientific studies, environmental � monitoring and education, including baseline areas from which all avoidable access is � excluded. � To minimise disturbance by careful planning and execution of research and � other approved activities, and. � To limit public access. Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism 31
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