eastern arc mountains forests of tanzania - Campaign for the ...

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Eastern Arc Mountains Forests of Tanzania fauna in the whole of Eastern Africa (Brooks et al. 2001; Burgess et al. 2004b; 2007), including some 1,000 plant taxa believed to be threatened with extinction (Gereau ad Luke, unpublished checklist) and 95 vertebrate species. According to recent analysis this is the highest concentration of threatened species in the world (Brooks et al., 2002). Eastern Arc Mountains endemic and near-endemic species feature a number of ‘flagship species’; including at least five primates (one species of Red Colobus monkey, two species of Mangabey monkey and two or three species of nocturnal Galago) and all known species of African violets (Saintpaulia). The 9 sites comprising this serial nomination encompass a total area of 451,365 km 2 , which represents approximately 20% of the Eastern Arc Mountains and includes at least 50% of the remaining 3,500 km 2 of forest. This series of core areas within the nominated property comprises 5 of the 6 largest protected areas in the Eastern Arc Mountains, all of which exceed 20,000 ha in area (see Annex 3). Ukwiva Forest Reserve in the Rubeho Mountain Block is the third largest site, covering 78,780 ha, but it is not included in this serial nomination primarily for reasons of its current designation and management. The 9 core areas that comprise the World Heritage serial nomination are spatially well-distributed across the Eastern Arc Mountains (Map 1, Executive Summary) and feature much of the Outstanding Universal Value of these Mountains. They hold more than 53% of 554 plant taxa and 76% of 118 vertebrate species endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains. Their habitats provide refuge to 77% of the 170 single-site endemic plant taxa and 70% of the 47 single-site endemic vertebrate species currently known to the be restricted in their distributions to a single block of the Eastern Arc Mountains. The Outstanding Universal Values of each of these 9 core areas that comprise this serial nomination are considered in more detail below, together with the integrity of the site and the management that is in place and under development to ensure that the Outstanding Universal Values are safeguarded over the longer term. Chome Nature Reserve Outstanding universal values The South Pare Mountains hold 54 (10%) of the 554 plant taxa endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains. They are the sixth most important block, after the Udzungwa, Uluguru, West Usambara, Nguru and East Usambara Mountains, with respect to Eastern Arc Mountain endemic plants. A total of 6 taxa (1% of Eastern Arc Mountain endemics) are restricted to the South Pare, of which 2 taxa are recorded only from the proposed Chome Nature Reserve. Endemic plants species restricted in their distribution (unique) to this site: Family Species Authority Rubiaceae Pentas hindsioides var. parensis Verdc. Gesneriaceae Streptocarpus parensis B.L. Burtt The South Pare Mountains hold 8 (7%) of the 118 vertebrate species endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains. A total of 1 endemic vertebrate species is restricted to the South Pare Mountains, a threatened (VU) bird (Zosterops winifredae), which is recorded only from the proposed Chome Nature Reserve. Threatened species within the South Pare Mountains include 5 vertebrates, of which all 5 species are found in the proposed Chome Nature Reserve, including 4 endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains. Other outstanding values: Chome has qualified as one of Tanzania’s Important Bird Areas due to the presence of two important species: South Pare White-eye, endemic to the South Pare Mountains and listed as vulnerable; and Hunter’s Cisticola (restricted range species, Endemic bird area 109). Protection and management of OUV Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism 64
Eastern Arc Mountains Forests of Tanzania Legal provisions for protection: Biodiversity, catchment, production and amenity zones proposed in 2001 draft management plan. Utilisation of exotic species (invaders) is allowed in the production zone by communities, but not otherwise. Buffer zones: There is no buffer zone as the surrounding area is largely settled and farmed. However, there are scattered forest patches owned by village councils, village clans, local government and private individuals, which help to buffer the proposed Nature Reserve, for example Chongweni, Maganda, Kirangahengae and Gonja. Trees such as Acacia mearnsii and Eucalyptus spp. are commonly planted for fuel wood. Agro-forestry is being encouraged to reduce pressures on natural forest. Other provisions: In the community use zone, sustainable utilisation of forest resources (dead fuel wood, medicinal plants, etc) is allowed on a controlled basis. Integrity with respect to OUV The proposed Chome Nature Reserve is the largest block of forest remaining within the South Pare Mountains and, at 14,283 ha, is considered to be sufficiently extensive to be viable in terms of its diverse and, to some extent, unique flora and fauna. Magamba Nature Reserve Outstanding universal values The West Usambara Mountains hold 144 (26%) of the 554 plant taxa endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains. They are third in importance after the Udzungwa and Uluguru mountains with respect to their diversity of Eastern Arc Mountain endemic plants. A total of 37 taxa (7% of Eastern Arc Mountain endemics) are restricted to the West Usambara Mountains, of which 1 species is recorded only from Magamba Nature Reserve. Endemic plant species restricted in their distribution (unique) to this site: Family Species Authority Cycadaceae Encephalartos sclavoi De Luca & D.W. Stev. & A. Moretti The West Usambara Mountains hold 21 (18%) of the 118 vertebrate species endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains. They are fifth in importance after the Udzungwa, Uluguru, East Usambara and Nguru, mountains with respect to their diversity of Eastern Arc Mountain endemic vertebrates. A total of 4 endemic species are restricted to the West Usambara Mountains, of which one endangered bird species is recorded only from Magamba Nature Reserve. Endemic vertebrate species restricted in their distribution (unique) to this site: Group Species Threat status Birds Sheppardia montana EN Threatened species within the West Usambara Mountains include 24 vertebrates, of which 8 species are found in Magamba, including 6 endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains. Protection and management of OUV Legal provisions for protection: Buffer zones: Acacia meansii (black wattle) covers the area between the reserve boundary and settlements. To the north, east and west the areas are bordered by Shume forest plantation, Hambalawei plantation, Magamba plantation, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania and the Roman Catholic Mazinde Juu Secondary School. The southern part is buffered by State House forest and commercially-owned woodlots (i.e. Chambogo forest). Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism 65
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