Dissertations in Forestry and Natural Sciences

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esistance of the WPCs with wood distillates. Furthermore, the applicability of proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight massspectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) in determining the VOC emission characteristics of WPCs was studied. The effects of incorporating hardwood and softwood distillates into WPCs were examined by characterizing the mechanical properties, water resistance and VOC emissions of these WPCs modified with the distillates. The distillate content varied from 1 wt% to 20 wt%. The suitability of PTR-TOF-MS for analyzing VOC emissions from WPCs was assessed by measuring VOC emissions from a WPC deck during a 41-day trial and comparing VOC emission rates between seven different WPC decks. Both hardwood and softwood distillates exerted positive effects on the water resistance of the WPC; the addition of hardwood distillate decreased the water absorption of the WPC by over 25% whereas at least a 16% decrease was observed for the WPC with the softwood distillate. Moreover, a 1 wt% addition of hardwood distillate into the WPC led to a highly significant increase (11.5%, p < 0.01) in the tensile modulus as well as achieving minor enhancements in some other mechanical properties. Similarly, when 2 wt% of softwood was added to the WPC, a highly significant increase in the tensile strength (5.0%, p < 0.01) was observed. Even though the addition of the distillates increased the total release of VOCs, the emission rates of harmful compounds, such as benzene, remained low. Nonetheless, the results from the VOC analyses indicated that some of the compounds investigated in this thesis may be smelled from the WPCs because their odor thresholds were exceeded. Wood distillates displayed good potential as natural additives in WPCs as they improved the mechanical properties and water resistance. The results of this thesis provide a basis for the further development of wood distillates as bio-based additives in WPCs.
Universal Decimal Classification: 66.092, 662.712, 674.048, 674.816 Library of Congress Subject Headings: Composite materials; Wood distillation; Pyrolysis; Hardwoods; Softwood; Volatile organic compounds; Wood—Chemistry; Wood—Mechanical properties Yleinen suomalainen asiasanasto: komposiitit; puu; muovi; kuivatislaus; fysikaaliset ominaisuudet; vetolujuus; kosteudenkestävyys; haihtuvat orgaaniset yhdisteet; puukemia; puuteknologia
Page 1: PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF E
Page 4 and 5: Grano Oy Jyväskylä, 2016 Editors:
Page 7: ABSTRACT The use of raw materials d
Page 12 and 13: Finally, I am grateful to my wife A
Page 14 and 15: TD-GC-FID/MS Thermal desorption/gas
Page 17 and 18: LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS This
Page 19 and 20: Contents 1 Introduction ...........
Page 21 and 22: 1 Introduction The finiteness of cr
Page 23 and 24: Introduction A new and environmenta
Page 25 and 26: 2 Wood-plastic composites By defini
Page 27 and 28: Wood-plastic composites additives u
Page 29 and 30: Wood-plastic composites Cellulose i
Page 31 and 32: Wood-plastic composites The propert
Page 33 and 34: Wood-plastic composites Figure 3. T
Page 35 and 36: Wood-plastic composites of lubrican
Page 37 and 38: Wood-plastic composites roughness a
Page 39 and 40: Wood-plastic composites Hosseinaei
Page 41 and 42: Wood-plastic composites the accessi
Page 43 and 44: Wood-plastic composites However, WP
Page 45 and 46: Wood-plastic composites A typical s
Page 47 and 48: Wood-plastic composites to fill the
Page 49: Wood-plastic composites absorption.
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Taneli Väisänen: Effects of Therm
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4 Thermal processing of wood Therma
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Thermal processing of wood Figure 9
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Thermal processing of wood counterp
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Thermal processing of wood and the
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Thermal processing of wood and Miet
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5 Aims and significance Despite the
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6 Materials and methods Two types o
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Materials and methods heat energy f
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Materials and methods with the untr
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Materials and methods 6.2.1 Tensile
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Materials and methods 6.3 WATER ABS
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Materials and methods The emissions
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Materials and methods where Evoc is
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9 Summary and conclusions In the pr
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Bibliography Abdolvahaba E, Lashgar
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Bibliography Ayrilmis N, Jarusombut
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Bibliography Cernansky R. State-of-
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Bibliography polypropylene composit
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Bibliography with odor assessments
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Bibliography La Mantia FP, Morreale
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Bibliography Mohan D, Pittman CU, a
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Bibliography Rinne J, Taipale R, Ma
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Bibliography Stark NM and Rowlands
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Bibliography Yeh S and Gupta RK. Im
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