Dissertations in Forestry and Natural Sciences

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Taneli Väisänen: Effects of Thermally Extracted Wood Distillates on the Characteristics of Wood-Plastic Composites 25 Emission rate (g/m 2 h) 20 15 10 5 0 Cyclohexene Furfural Guaiacol LG LG + SWD1 LG + SWD2 LG + SWD4 LG + SWD8 LG + SWD20 Figure 21. The emission rates of cyclohexene, furfural, and guaiacol from the WPCs treated with softwood distillate. 20 18 16 Emission rate (g/m 2 h) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Monoterpenes Acetaldehyde Benzene LG LG + SWD1 LG + SWD2 LG + SWD4 LG + SWD8 LG + SWD20 Figure 22. The emission rates of monoterpenes, acetaldehyde, and benzene from the WPCs treated with softwood distillate. 96 Dissertations in Forestry and Natural Sciences No 222
8 Discussion In the present thesis, the effects of hardwood and softwood distillates on the characteristics of commercial WPCs were studied. The first objective of this thesis was to assess the suitability of the impregnation method used to incorporate the distillates into the WPC granules. The suitability of wood distillates as additives in WPCs was determined by conducting mechanical tests, water absorption studies, and via a characterization of VOC emission rates. In addition, the applicability of PTR-TOF-MS for determining the VOC emissions from WPCs was assessed. 8.1 IMPREGNATION OF WPC GRANULES WITH WOOD DISTILLATES The impregnation of the WPC granules with the distillates was successfully performed for the LG granules but not for the UFs. Commercially available granules were used in this thesis because the impregnation of the WPC granules with the distillates was both straightforward and quick and there were no suitable facilities with which to produce WPC granules from raw materials. Commercialized WPC granules contain multiple additives, and theoretically, these could have interfered with the modifications investigated here. Nonetheless, the present results clearly demonstrated that wood distillates can be added to certain types of WPC granules and this can improve their processability during injection molding. In future studies, the incorporation of distillates into WPCs could be carried out at an earlier stage of the WPC production. The impregnation of the agglomerate or wood particles with the distillates could eliminate at least some of the limitations associated with the impregnation of WPC granules. For Dissertations in Forestry and Natural Sciences No 222 97
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PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF E
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Grano Oy Jyväskylä, 2016 Editors:
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ABSTRACT The use of raw materials d
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Universal Decimal Classification: 6
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Finally, I am grateful to my wife A
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TD-GC-FID/MS Thermal desorption/gas
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LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS This
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Contents 1 Introduction ...........
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1 Introduction The finiteness of cr
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Introduction A new and environmenta
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2 Wood-plastic composites By defini
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Wood-plastic composites additives u
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Wood-plastic composites Cellulose i
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Wood-plastic composites The propert
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Wood-plastic composites Figure 3. T
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Wood-plastic composites of lubrican
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Wood-plastic composites roughness a
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Wood-plastic composites Hosseinaei
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Wood-plastic composites the accessi
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Wood-plastic composites However, WP
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Wood-plastic composites A typical s
Page 47 and 48: Wood-plastic composites to fill the
Page 49: Wood-plastic composites absorption.
Page 52 and 53: Taneli Väisänen: Effects of Therm
Page 63 and 64: 4 Thermal processing of wood Therma
Page 65 and 66: Thermal processing of wood Figure 9
Page 67 and 68: Thermal processing of wood counterp
Page 69 and 70: Thermal processing of wood and the
Page 71 and 72: Thermal processing of wood and Miet
Page 73 and 74: 5 Aims and significance Despite the
Page 75 and 76: 6 Materials and methods Two types o
Page 77 and 78: Materials and methods heat energy f
Page 79 and 80: Materials and methods with the untr
Page 81 and 82: Materials and methods 6.2.1 Tensile
Page 83 and 84: Materials and methods 6.3 WATER ABS
Page 85 and 86: Materials and methods The emissions
Page 87: Materials and methods where Evoc is
Page 115 and 116: 9 Summary and conclusions In the pr
Page 117 and 118: Bibliography Abdolvahaba E, Lashgar
Page 119 and 120: Bibliography Ayrilmis N, Jarusombut
Page 121 and 122: Bibliography Cernansky R. State-of-
Page 123 and 124: Bibliography polypropylene composit
Page 125 and 126: Bibliography with odor assessments
Page 127 and 128: Bibliography La Mantia FP, Morreale
Page 129 and 130: Bibliography Mohan D, Pittman CU, a
Page 131 and 132: Bibliography Rinne J, Taipale R, Ma
Page 133 and 134: Bibliography Stark NM and Rowlands
Page 135: Bibliography Yeh S and Gupta RK. Im
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