Sustainability of European Irrigated Agriculture under Water Framework Directive and Agenda 2000

Part II
Chapter 6: The case of Guadalquivir River Basin (Southern Spain)......................................... 69
1. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................ 69
2. OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................................................ 70
3. CASE DESCRIPTION AND CLUSTERS DEFINITION ............................................................................. 71
4. THE MODEL ............................................................................................................................................. 73
4.1. Components of the model:................................................................................................................. 73
4.1.1.- Decision variables ................................................................................................................... 73
4.1.2.- Multicriteria and multiperiod utility function.............................................................................. 73
4.1.3.- Constraints .............................................................................................................................. 74
4.1.4.- Attributes: Environmental and socio-economic indicators ....................................................... 74
4.1.5.- Integration of results of simulation........................................................................................... 75
5. INTEGRATED BASIN WATER DEMAND & IMPACT OF WATER PRICING UNDER AGENDA 2000..... 76
6. RESULTS BY SCENARIO ........................................................................................................................ 79
6.1. Crop mix............................................................................................................................................. 79
6.2. Economic balance.............................................................................................................................. 80
6.3. Social impact...................................................................................................................................... 82
6.4. Water consumption (m 3 /ha) ............................................................................................................... 83
6.5. Landscape and biodiversity................................................................................................................ 83
6.6. Environmental impact ........................................................................................................................ 84
7. CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................................ 86
Chapter 7: The case of Duero River Basin (Northern Spain)..................................................... 9
1. CASE STUDY ........................................................................................................................................... 89
2. METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................................................... 92
3. WATER PRICING IMPACT. RESULTS FOR THE ”STATUS QUO” SCENARIO (AGENDA 2000).......... 94
3.1. Water demand ................................................................................................................................... 94
3.2. Economic impact................................................................................................................................ 96
3.3. Social impact...................................................................................................................................... 98
3.4. Landscape and biodiversity................................................................................................................ 99
3.5. Environmental impact ...................................................................................................................... 100
3.6. Summary.......................................................................................................................................... 102
4. RESULTS. WATER DEMAND AND OTHER INDICATORS BY SCENARIOS ....................................... 102
4.1. Water demand ................................................................................................................................. 102
4.2. Economic impact.............................................................................................................................. 103
4.2.1.- Total Gross Margin (TGM) .................................................................................................... 103
4.2.2.- Contribution of irrigated agriculture to GDP (GDPCON)........................................................ 104
4.2.3.- Public subsidies (SUBSID).................................................................................................... 104
4.2.4.- State collection of water tariff (PUBCOL) .............................................................................. 105
4.3. Social impact.................................................................................................................................... 106
4.3.1.- Agricultural labour (EMPLOY) ............................................................................................... 106
4.3.2.- Seasonality (SEASONA)....................................................................................................... 106
4.4. Landscape and biodiversity.............................................................................................................. 107
4.4.1.- Biodiversity (DIVERS) ........................................................................................................... 107
4.4.2.- Soil cover (SOILCOV) ........................................................................................................... 107
4.5. Environmental impact ...................................................................................................................... 108
4.5.1.- Nitrogen balance (BALNIT) ................................................................................................... 108
4.5.2.- Energy balance (BALENE).................................................................................................... 109
4.5.3.- Pesticide risk (PESTRISK) .................................................................................................... 109
4.6. Summary.......................................................................................................................................... 110
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 110
Chapter : The case of Greece.................................................................................................... 113
1. BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................................... 113
2. CASE STUDY DESCRIPTION, CLUSTERS DEFINITION ..................................................................... 116