Media and Minorities

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Creating an Inclusive Public Commons 63 – Look for counter-examples, and learn about them. Pay attention to immigrant scientists, technologists, or entrepreneurs, say, or check out the community-service activities of a Muslim student association in your area. – Catch yourself when you gravitate toward the familiar. Resist the temptation to avoid the uncomfortable. Trust Finally, now that most news is delivered on the Internet or through social media, can journalists cut through the chaos? The digital environment delivers multiple types of information, some truthful, some false, some propaganda. Most journalism is responsible, attempts to be inclusive, and is carefully reported. But some presentations that look like journalism are sales pitches, and some of these deliberately distort the facts to incite fear and hate. How can we assure audiences that our reporting is careful, unbiased, comprehensive, and designed to support people’s ability to govern themselves? In other words, what must we do to convince today’s digital audience that our work gives them information they can act upon? Journalists are beginning to think more deeply about the need to earn both audience and source trust. It is a rarely mentioned truth that accurate reporting requires sources that are both trustworthy and that trust the journalist. Furthermore, without the trust of the audience, we cannot expand its willingness to hear alternative voices expressing perspectives outside of the familiar. How can we disrupt our audience’s group and societal frames? Another effort I’m involved in, the Trust Project,41 addresses journalism’s need to earn trust. It’s a collaborative effort housed at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University, whose participants include Google News and editors of major news organizations across the United States, Canada, and Europe. The project hopes to reconnect journalism to its basic principles of inclusive, ethical reporting — reporting that represents all of society’s constituent groups, helps it clarify its goals and values, and provides actionable information to all of its members. In recent years, it has become common for editors to complain that the digital environment undermines traditional journalistic ethics and even that those standards simply do not matter in online space. We propose to address 41 http://www.thetrustproject.org. See also @journethics at https://twitter.com/journ ethics and www.scu.edu/ethics-center/digital-journalism-ethics/2014-roundtable.cfm. Funders include the Craig Newmark Philanthropic Fund, Google, and the Markkula Foundation. © 2016, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783525300886 — ISBN E-Book: 9783666300882
64 Sally Lehrman this complaint by using technology and the digital environment to support the highest journalistic principles. Can we use digital tools to differentiate high-quality, original reporting, to indicate expert work in ways such as the following? 1) Author biographies: What is the expertise of this reporter? Does she or he have a conflict of interest? 2) Methodology: How many editors, if any, reviewed a story? 3) Web of information: Can we help audiences see when one news report is built upon other reliable reports or data, when it is an outlier, or when it may be fake? 4) Collaboration: Can we share data and reporting? ProPublica,42 for example, opens its investigative databases to other outlets, such as Univision. And Univision43 is collaborating with a local news station in San Francisco.44 5) Transparency: Can we show our ethics and diversity policies on news sites and create better methods to be accountable to them? For example, the- German press code addresses religious and racial discrimination. That’s worth highlighting.45 Journalists have an important role to play in bringing together all of society’s groups, informing them about one another, and helping them to identify and shape shared values. By addressing those of our personal values and practices that unintentionally create bias and by building trust with our audiences, we can do this well. We can rid ourselves of the assumptions embedded in our minds and in our cultures that undermine a peaceful, inclusive society. References Print Sources Behm-Morawitz, Elizabeth, and Michelle Ortiz. “Race, Ethnicity and the Media.” In The Oxford Handbook of Media Psychology, edited by Karen E. Dill. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. Berger, Judson. “Border Patrol Union Claims Scabies ‘Outbreak’ Threatens Agents, Public.” Fox News, 7 July 2014. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/07/07/border-patrol-unionclaims-scabies-outbreak-threatens-agents-public/. 42 propublica.org. 43 univision.com. 44 abc7news.com/society/abc7-announces-collaboration-with-univision-14/240800/, accessed 30 August 2015. 45 Journalists can apply the insights from new scientific findings about implicit bias and behavior to the directives of the code. © 2016, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783525300886 — ISBN E-Book: 9783666300882
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