Economic Freedom of the World
economic-freedom-of-the-world-2016
economic-freedom-of-the-world-2016
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Israel<br />
Chapter 2: Country Data Tables • 99<br />
1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014<br />
Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank)<br />
Summary Ratings (Rank) 3.51 (99) 4.50 (92) 6.76 (54) 7.33 (45) 7.30 (46) 7.36 (39) 7.39 (45)<br />
Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data)<br />
Area 1. Size <strong>of</strong> Government 1.82 3.72 2.87 5.84 6.17 6.38 6.36<br />
A. Government consumption 0.00 (43.15) 2.09 (32.90) 2.18 (32.58) 2.11 (32.82) 3.41 (28.40) 3.38 (28.50) 3.31 (28.75)<br />
B. Transfers and subsidies 4.47 (20.80) 5.59 (16.70) 3.92 (22.80) 7.25 (10.58) 7.26 (10.55) 7.13 (11.02) 7.13 (11.02)<br />
C. Government enterprises and investment 10.00 (9.02) 10.00 (7.45) 10.00 (7.63) 10.00 (8.65) 10.00 (8.65)<br />
D. Top marginal tax rate 1.00 3.50 2.50 4.00 4.00 5.00 5.00<br />
(i) Top marginal income tax rate 1.00 (66) 5.00 (48) 4.00 (50) 4.00 (49) 5.00 (46) 5.00 (50) 5.00 (50)<br />
(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rate 2.00 (64) 1.00 (62) 4.00 (49) 3.00 (60) 5.00 (50) 5.00 (50)<br />
Area 2. Legal System and Property Rights 4.06 4.39 8.01 6.42 6.16 5.89 5.93<br />
A. Judicial independence 9.19 8.87 8.63 7.95 7.92<br />
B. Impartial courts 9.35 7.14 5.19 5.06 5.32<br />
C. Protection <strong>of</strong> property rights 6.53 7.94 7.15 6.35 6.76<br />
D. Military interference in rule <strong>of</strong> law and politics 6.67 4.17 4.17 4.17 4.17<br />
E. Integrity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> legal system 8.33 8.33 8.33 8.33 8.33<br />
F. Legal enforcement <strong>of</strong> contracts 3.46 3.46 3.46 3.46<br />
G. Regulatory costs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sale <strong>of</strong> real property 4.81 5.63 6.07 5.74<br />
H. Reliability <strong>of</strong> police 6.06 6.02 5.19 5.19<br />
I. Business costs <strong>of</strong> crime 7.02 6.83 6.40 6.50<br />
Area 3. Sound Money 2.03 3.95 8.09 9.34 8.96 9.59 9.52<br />
A. Money growth 3.13 (34.36) 5.48 (22.59) 9.07 (4.64) 8.44 (7.80) 7.18 (14.12) 9.31 (3.45) 8.68 (6.58)<br />
B. Standard deviation <strong>of</strong> inflation 0.00 (37.42) 5.32 (11.71) 8.50 (3.74) 9.17 (2.08) 9.20 (2.00) 9.34 (1.65) 9.51 (1.23)<br />
C. Inflation: most recent year 0.00 (134.74) 0.00 (260.00) 9.77 (1.14) 9.73 (1.33) 9.46 (2.69) 9.69 (1.53) 9.90 (0.48)<br />
D. <strong>Freedom</strong> to own foreign currency bank accounts 5.00 5.00 5.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
Area 4. <strong>Freedom</strong> to Trade Internationally 6.13 6.86 8.70 8.46 8.23 7.91 8.00<br />
A. Tariffs 6.60 9.39 9.68 7.86 7.40 8.28 8.22<br />
(i) Revenue from trade taxes (% <strong>of</strong> trade sector) 6.60 (5.10) 9.39 (0.92) 9.75 (0.37) 9.77 (0.34) 9.69 (0.46) 9.77 (0.34) 9.77 (0.34)<br />
(ii) Mean tariff rate 9.75 (0.37) 9.46 (2.70) 8.72 (6.40) 9.08 (4.60) 9.08 (4.60)<br />
(iii) Standard deviation <strong>of</strong> tariff rates 4.36 (14.11) 3.79 (15.54) 5.99 (10.03) 5.80 (10.49)<br />
B. Regulatory trade barriers 8.11 7.84 8.03 7.02 7.35<br />
(i) Non-tariff trade barriers 6.88 7.27 7.36 5.33 7.38<br />
(ii) Compliance cost <strong>of</strong> importing and exporting 9.33 8.41 8.70 8.70 7.33<br />
C. Black-market exchange rates 9.80 9.20 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
D. Controls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> movement <strong>of</strong> capital and people 2.00 2.00 7.02 8.15 7.49 6.35 6.44<br />
(i) Foreign ownership/investment restrictions 9.42 7.70 7.14 6.19 6.47<br />
(ii) Capital controls 2.00 2.00 4.61 9.17 7.69 5.38 5.38<br />
(iii) <strong>Freedom</strong> <strong>of</strong> foreigners to visit 7.60 7.63 7.46 7.46<br />
Area 5. Regulation 3.52 3.58 6.11 6.58 6.97 7.05 7.14<br />
A. Credit Market regulations 1.75 3.81 6.06 7.67 9.27 9.52 10.00<br />
(i) Ownership <strong>of</strong> banks 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
(ii) Private sector credit 5.25 5.43 8.18 8.01 7.80 8.57 10.00<br />
(iii) Interest rate controls (negative real interest rates) 0.00 6.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
B. Labor Market regulations 3.35 4.26 4.87 5.28 5.39 5.32<br />
(i) Hiring regulations and minimum wage 4.20 8.90 8.90 10.00 8.90<br />
(ii) Hiring and firing regulations 4.87 5.43 5.74 5.07 5.29 5.33<br />
(iii) Centralized collective bargaining 5.18 5.18 6.17 6.99 7.21 6.52 7.18<br />
(iv) Hours regulations 5.51 6.00 8.00 8.00 8.00<br />
(v) Mandated cost <strong>of</strong> worker dismissal 1.56 2.52 2.52 2.52<br />
(vi) Conscription 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00<br />
C. Business regulations 8.01 7.20 6.36 6.25 6.10<br />
(i) Administrative requirements 8.18 4.36 3.81 3.09 3.54<br />
(ii) Bureaucracy costs 7.73 7.30 3.60 3.60 3.60<br />
(iii) Starting a business 7.68 8.86 8.87 9.55 9.55<br />
(iv) Extra payments/bribes/favoritism 8.44 8.40 7.21 6.37 5.05<br />
(v) Licensing restrictions 6.85 7.30 7.51 7.51<br />
(vi) Cost <strong>of</strong> tax compliance 7.42 7.37 7.37 7.37<br />
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