Economic Freedom of the World
economic-freedom-of-the-world-2016
economic-freedom-of-the-world-2016
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Germany<br />
Chapter 2: Country Data Tables • 83<br />
1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014<br />
Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank)<br />
Summary Ratings (Rank) 7.18 (11) 7.64 (11) 7.67 (19) 7.75 (17) 7.50 (27) 7.54 (24) 7.55 (30)<br />
Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data)<br />
Area 1. Size <strong>of</strong> Government 4.34 5.15 3.96 5.74 5.46 5.58 5.54<br />
A. Government consumption 4.03 (26.30) 4.35 (25.20) 4.55 (24.52) 4.67 (24.11) 4.24 (25.57) 4.24 (25.60) 4.07 (26.16)<br />
B. Transfers and subsidies 5.34 (17.60) 5.26 (17.90) 2.29 (28.81) 2.29 (28.78) 2.59 (27.71) 3.08 (25.91) 3.08 (25.91)<br />
C. Government enterprises and investment 6.00 (25.70) 7.00 (24.00) 10.00 (10.17) 10.00 (9.94) 10.00 (11.94) 10.00 (11.31) 10.00 (11.31)<br />
D. Top marginal tax rate 2.00 4.00 3.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 5.00<br />
(i) Top marginal income tax rate 2.00 (65) 4.00 (53) 3.00 (56) 6.00 (44) 5.00 (47) 5.00 (47) 5.00 (47)<br />
(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rate 4.00 (53) 3.00 (56) 6.00 (44) 5.00 (47) 5.00 (47) 5.00 (47)<br />
Area 2. Legal System and Property Rights 7.70 8.35 9.14 8.80 7.97 7.76 7.73<br />
A. Judicial independence 9.35 9.18 8.89 8.14 7.97<br />
B. Impartial courts 9.19 8.95 6.61 6.81 7.03<br />
C. Protection <strong>of</strong> property rights 8.84 9.61 7.88 7.73 8.02<br />
D. Military interference in rule <strong>of</strong> law and politics 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
E. Integrity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> legal system 8.33 8.33 8.33 8.33 8.33<br />
F. Legal enforcement <strong>of</strong> contracts 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.36<br />
G. Regulatory costs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sale <strong>of</strong> real property 7.86 7.53 7.04 7.06<br />
H. Reliability <strong>of</strong> police 9.22 8.15 8.19 8.19<br />
I. Business costs <strong>of</strong> crime 9.38 7.72 6.97 6.62<br />
Area 3. Sound Money 9.43 9.67 9.55 9.53 9.59 9.59 9.61<br />
A. Money growth 9.18 (4.10) 9.68 (1.60) 8.77 (6.13) 8.64 (6.81) 8.86 (5.69) 8.91 (5.46) 8.86 (5.69)<br />
B. Standard deviation <strong>of</strong> inflation 9.64 (0.89) 9.52 (1.20) 9.71 (0.72) 9.88 (0.31) 9.73 (0.67) 9.76 (0.59) 9.75 (0.63)<br />
C. Inflation: most recent year 8.90 (5.50) 9.46 (2.70) 9.71 (1.47) 9.61 (1.95) 9.77 (1.14) 9.70 (1.50) 9.82 (0.91)<br />
D. <strong>Freedom</strong> to own foreign currency bank accounts 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
Area 4. <strong>Freedom</strong> to Trade Internationally 8.98 9.48 9.39 8.24 7.89 7.65 7.93<br />
A. Tariffs 8.95 8.44 9.18 8.39 8.34 8.25 8.43<br />
(i) Revenue from trade taxes (% <strong>of</strong> trade sector) 9.67 (0.50) 9.67 (0.50) 9.78 (0.33) 9.59 (0.62) 9.63 (0.55) 9.64 (0.54) 9.82 (0.28)<br />
(ii) Mean tariff rate 8.24 (8.80) 8.52 (7.40) 9.78 (0.33) 9.46 (2.70) 8.98 (5.10) 8.90 (5.50) 8.94 (5.30)<br />
(iii) Standard deviation <strong>of</strong> tariff rates 7.12 (7.20) 8.24 (4.40) 6.13 (9.67) 6.41 (8.98) 6.22 (9.46) 6.54 (8.64)<br />
B. Regulatory trade barriers 8.89 8.39 7.68 7.22 8.01<br />
(i) Non-tariff trade barriers 8.45 7.65 6.21 5.47 6.84<br />
(ii) Compliance cost <strong>of</strong> importing and exporting 9.33 9.14 9.14 8.97 9.18<br />
C. Black-market exchange rates 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
D. Controls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> movement <strong>of</strong> capital and people 8.00 10.00 9.48 6.16 5.55 5.14 5.27<br />
(i) Foreign ownership/investment restrictions 9.72 8.22 6.39 6.47 6.87<br />
(ii) Capital controls 8.00 10.00 9.23 3.85 3.85 3.08 3.08<br />
(iii) <strong>Freedom</strong> <strong>of</strong> foreigners to visit 6.40 6.42 5.87 5.87<br />
Area 5. Regulation 5.45 5.56 6.33 6.45 6.60 7.13 6.94<br />
A. Credit Market regulations 7.61 7.65 8.33 8.01 7.93 8.33 8.33<br />
(i) Ownership <strong>of</strong> banks 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00<br />
(ii) Private sector credit 7.83 7.94 10.00 9.04 8.78 10.00 10.00<br />
(iii) Interest rate controls (negative real interest rates) 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
B. Labor Market regulations 3.29 3.48 2.85 3.94 5.40 6.49 5.91<br />
(i) Hiring regulations and minimum wage 4.63 6.70 6.67 6.67 5.57<br />
(ii) Hiring and firing regulations 3.94 1.82 2.42 3.01 3.98 2.48<br />
(iii) Centralized collective bargaining 4.49 4.49 2.32 3.20 3.45 4.02 3.13<br />
(iv) Hours regulations 4.40 4.49 2.51 4.70 8.00 8.00 8.00<br />
(v) Mandated cost <strong>of</strong> worker dismissal 3.60 6.26 6.26 6.25<br />
(vi) Conscription 1.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 10.00 10.00<br />
C. Business regulations 7.79 7.39 6.48 6.57 6.57<br />
(i) Administrative requirements 8.18 3.43 3.42 4.34 4.81<br />
(ii) Bureaucracy costs 8.53 5.80 1.45 1.45 1.45<br />
(iii) Starting a business 6.40 9.03 9.47 9.33 9.53<br />
(iv) Extra payments/bribes/favoritism 8.04 9.10 7.78 7.39 6.72<br />
(v) Licensing restrictions 9.17 9.25 9.35 9.35<br />
(vi) Cost <strong>of</strong> tax compliance 7.80 7.52 7.56 7.56<br />
www.free<strong>the</strong>world.com • www.fraserinstitute.org • Fraser Institute ©2016
Change language