Economic Freedom of the World
economic-freedom-of-the-world-2016
economic-freedom-of-the-world-2016
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Bahrain<br />
Chapter 2: Country Data Tables • 39<br />
1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014<br />
Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank) Rating (Rank)<br />
Summary Ratings (Rank) 7.39 (7) 6.88 (26) 7.69 (18) 7.16 (56) 7.75 (13) 7.55 (23) 7.60 (26)<br />
Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data) Rating (Data)<br />
Area 1. Size <strong>of</strong> Government 7.26 5.91 6.80 6.48 7.04 6.72 6.73<br />
A. Government consumption 3.25 (28.95) 0.00 (43.78) 3.78 (27.15) 2.94 (29.99) 4.74 (23.90) 3.56 (27.88) 3.64 (27.64)<br />
B. Transfers and subsidies 9.81 (1.20) 9.64 (1.80) 9.43 (2.59) 8.99 (4.21) 9.44 (2.56) 9.30 (3.06) 9.30 (3.06)<br />
C. Government enterprises and investment 6.00 (29.80) 4.00 (31.70) 4.00 (31.70) 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00<br />
D. Top marginal tax rate 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
(i) Top marginal income tax rate 10.00 (0) 10.00 (0) 10.00 (0) 10.00 (0) 10.00 (0) 10.00 (0) 10.00 (0)<br />
(ii) Top marginal income and payroll tax rate 10.00 (0) 10.00 (17) 10.00 (17) 10.00 (17)<br />
Area 2. Legal System and Property Rights 5.70 6.54 5.76 7.00 6.28 6.52<br />
A. Judicial independence 4.07 7.18 5.69 6.24<br />
B. Impartial courts 6.30 4.12 6.02 5.07 5.71<br />
C. Protection <strong>of</strong> property rights 6.62 7.86 7.08 7.24<br />
D. Military interference in rule <strong>of</strong> law and politics 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00<br />
E. Integrity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> legal system 8.33 8.33 8.33 7.50 7.50<br />
F. Legal enforcement <strong>of</strong> contracts 4.79 4.79 4.79<br />
G. Regulatory costs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sale <strong>of</strong> real property 8.53 8.86 8.86<br />
H. Reliability <strong>of</strong> police 5.70 7.96 6.73 6.73<br />
I. Business costs <strong>of</strong> crime 6.48 7.31 5.82 6.63<br />
Area 3. Sound Money 8.10 8.79 9.12 8.82 8.39 8.71 9.12<br />
A. Money growth 6.38 (18.10) 9.60 (1.99) 9.71 (1.46) 8.40 (7.99) 8.56 (7.20) 9.87 (0.65) 9.67 (1.66)<br />
B. Standard deviation <strong>of</strong> inflation 6.81 (7.98) 6.92 (7.71) 6.91 (7.73) 7.38 (6.54) 5.40 (11.50) 5.61 (10.97) 7.34 (6.65)<br />
C. Inflation: most recent year 9.22 (3.90) 8.63 (6.84) 9.86 (-0.70) 9.48 (2.59) 9.61 (1.96) 9.36 (3.19) 9.47 (2.65)<br />
D. <strong>Freedom</strong> to own foreign currency bank accounts 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
Area 4. <strong>Freedom</strong> to Trade Internationally 7.13 7.09 8.71 7.65 7.98 7.66 7.56<br />
A. Tariffs 9.39 9.27 9.19 8.37 8.22 8.56 8.67<br />
(i) Revenue from trade taxes (% <strong>of</strong> trade sector) 9.39 (0.91) 9.27 (1.10) 9.19 (1.21) 8.83 (1.75) 9.42 (0.87) 9.51 (0.73) 9.51 (0.73)<br />
(ii) Mean tariff rate 9.19 (1.21) 8.98 (5.10) 8.98 (5.10) 9.06 (4.70) 9.06 (4.70)<br />
(iii) Standard deviation <strong>of</strong> tariff rates 7.31 (6.73) 6.26 (9.36) 7.10 (7.24) 7.44 (6.39)<br />
B. Regulatory trade barriers 7.59 8.29 7.38 6.65<br />
(i) Non-tariff trade barriers 7.59 8.28 6.45 7.62<br />
(ii) Compliance cost <strong>of</strong> importing and exporting 8.31 8.31 5.68<br />
C. Black-market exchange rates 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
D. Controls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> movement <strong>of</strong> capital and people 2.00 2.00 6.92 4.63 5.40 4.71 4.93<br />
(i) Foreign ownership/investment restrictions 7.14 8.15 7.39 8.05<br />
(ii) Capital controls 2.00 2.00 6.92 6.15 7.50 6.15 6.15<br />
(iii) <strong>Freedom</strong> <strong>of</strong> foreigners to visit 0.60 0.55 0.59 0.59<br />
Area 5. Regulation 7.07 6.94 7.26 7.10 8.33 8.38 8.04<br />
A. Credit Market regulations 8.71 8.49 9.34 9.43 8.47 9.48 8.98<br />
(i) Ownership <strong>of</strong> banks 8.00 8.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
(ii) Private sector credit 9.42 7.47 8.01 8.29 8.42 8.44 6.94<br />
(iii) Interest rate controls (negative real interest rates) 10.00 10.00 10.00 7.00 10.00 10.00<br />
B. Labor Market regulations 7.03 8.87 8.32 8.09<br />
(i) Hiring regulations and minimum wage 10.00 8.33 8.33<br />
(ii) Hiring and firing regulations 3.25 4.79 5.57 4.26<br />
(iii) Centralized collective bargaining 7.85 8.42 8.00 7.96<br />
(iv) Hours regulations 10.00 8.00 8.00<br />
(v) Mandated cost <strong>of</strong> worker dismissal 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
(vi) Conscription 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00<br />
C. Business regulations 4.83 7.64 7.35 7.06<br />
(i) Administrative requirements 4.04 6.45 5.44 5.77<br />
(ii) Bureaucracy costs 2.93 3.25 3.25 3.25<br />
(iii) Starting a business 8.85 9.07 9.08<br />
(iv) Extra payments/bribes/favoritism 7.51 7.72 7.08 6.40<br />
(v) Licensing restrictions 9.98 9.94 8.55<br />
(vi) Cost <strong>of</strong> tax compliance 9.60 9.33 9.33<br />
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