Understanding Acoustic Emission Testing- Reading 1 Part B-A

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10. Applications Acoustic emission is a very versatile, non-invasive way to gather information about a material or structure. Acoustic Emission testing (AET) is be applied to inspect and monitor pipelines, pressure vessels, storage tanks, bridges, aircraft, and bucket trucks, and a variety of composite and ceramic components. It is also used in process control applications such as monitoring welding processes. A few examples of AET applications follow. ■ Weld Monitoring During the welding process, temperature changes induce stresses between the weld and the base metal. These stresses are often relieved by heat treating the weld. However, in some cases tempering the weld is not possible and minor cracking occurs. Amazingly, cracking can continue for up to 10 days after the weld has been completed. Using stainless steel welds with known inclusions and accelerometers for detection purposes and background noise monitoring, it was found by W. D. Jolly (1969) that low level signals and more sizeable bursts were related to the growth of microfissures and larger cracks respectively. ASTM E 749-96 is a standard practice of AE monitoring of continuous welding. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
■ Bucket Truck (Cherry Pickers) Integrity Evaluation Accidents, overloads and fatigue can all occur when operating bucket trucks or other aerial equipment. If a mechanical or structural defect is ignored, serious injury or fatality can result. In 1976, the Georgia Power Company pioneered the aerial manlift device inspection. Testing by independent labs and electrical utilities followed. Although originally intended to examine only the boom sections, the method is now used for inspecting the pedestal, pins, and various other components. Normally, the AE tests are second in a chain of inspections which start with visual checks. If necessary, follow-up tests take the form of magnetic particle, dye penetrant, or ultrasonic inspections. Experienced personnel can perform five to ten tests per day, saving valuable time and money along the way. ASTM F914 governs the procedures for examining insulated aerial personnel devices. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Understanding Acoustic Emission Tes
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Concrete Offshore structure Charlie
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Refinery Applications Charlie Chong
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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The Magical Book of Acoustic Emissi
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ASNT Certification Guide NDT Level
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3 Techniques • Equipment calibrat
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Fion Zhang at Shanghai 3rd Septembe
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://gr
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Video on - Leak Detection on Buried
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ASME V Article Numbers: Gen Article
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ASTM Standards E976 - 05 Standard G
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ASTM Standards E1781 - 08 Standard
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Typical AET Signal https://dspace.l
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Study Note 1: AET http://www.geocit
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Until about 1973, acoustic emission
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://ww
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AE Technique The AE technique (AET)
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What is Normal (Gaussian) distribut
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Probability density function for th
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Cumulative distribution function of
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Crystal Twinning Crystal twinning o
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What is Crystal Twinning Crystal tw
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Crystal Twinning Charlie Chong/ Fio
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Crystal Twinning- Diagram of twinne
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AET Set-up Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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Continuous type Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Discussion Subject: explains on the
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Kaiser Effect Plastic deformation i
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Felicity effect is an effect in aco
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Activity of AE Sources in Structura
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Felicity Effect - the applied load
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AE Parameters Various parameters us
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AET Advantages AE testing is a powe
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A Few Typical Applications • Dete
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Acoustic Emission Testing Advantage
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End of Reading 1 Charlie Chong/ Fio
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16 Acoustic Emission Methods Charli
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Foreword: Acoustic emission refers
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Acoustic emissions, which occur in
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At about the same time, but indepen
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Figure 1: A cube with sides of leng
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Green also noted the Kaiser effect,
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16.3 Theoretical Considerations Whe
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FIGURE 16.1 The two basic types of
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FIGURE 16.2 A typical acoustic emis
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FIGURE 16.3 Typical view of an acou
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1. The total number of counts (e.g.
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■ Rise time — This is the inter
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Energy analysis — This is an indi
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FIGURE 16.5 The main elements of a
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Fourier-Transform (FT) The Fourier
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Signal Evaluation: Analysis of the
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Signal Evaluation: Raise Time/ Even
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Signal Evaluation: Amplitude Distri
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Signal Evaluation: Energy analysis-
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Signal Evaluation: Raise Time/ Even
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FIGURE 16.5 The main elements of a
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A brief description of the most imp
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PZT:- If the p.d or the stress is c
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AET Transducer In 0.1KHz~2.0KHz Cha
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2. Preamplifier: Because of the low
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There are generally two (or more) c
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Spooner and Dougill confirmed that
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Spooner and Dougill conclusion on K
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16.6.3 Signal Attenuation The elast
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16.6.4 Specimen Geometry It has bee
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16.6.6 Concrete Strength It has bee
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16.7.1 Fracture Mechanics Studies A
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16.7.2 Type of Cracks A number of a
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They found that, while the number o
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Sadowska-Boczar et al. tried to qua
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FIGURE 16.7 Within-batch variabilit
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16.7.6 Fiber Reinforced Cements and
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Fiber Reinforced Cements and Concre
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Perhaps the most extensive series o
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16.7.8 Thermal Cracking Relatively
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They found that acoustic emissions
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Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in C
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16.8 Field Studies of Acoustic Emis
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16.9 Conclusions From the discussio
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Concrete Structures Charlie Chong/
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Concrete Structures Charlie Chong/
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Concrete Structures- The Troll A pl
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Concrete Structures- The Troll A pl
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End of Reading 2 Charlie Chong/ Fio
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1.0 Introduction Acoustic Emission
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Twinning Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Acoustic Emission is unlike most ot
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2.0 A Brief History of AE Testing A
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3.0 Theory - AE Sources As mentione
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The amount of energy released by an
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Activity of AE Sources in Structura
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Kaiser/Felicity effects Felicity ef
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Dunegan corollary states that if ac
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Comments: Emissions are observed pr
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Pseudo Sources In addition to the A
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Wave Propagation A primitive wave r
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Waves radiates from the source in a
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Angular dependence of acoustic emis
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The signal that is detected by a se
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highly damped, nonmetallic material
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Attenuation: 1. Spread (30% for 2D,
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Teflon shoe http://www.ndt.net/ndta
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Lamb waves in acoustic emission tes
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2.2.5 Rayleigh Characteristics Rayl
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Q29: The longitudinal wave incident
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The major axis of the ellipse is pe
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Surface wave Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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Surface wave has the ability to fol
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Surface wave - One wavelength deep
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Rayleigh Wave Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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Love Wave Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Other Reading: Rayleigh Waves Surfa
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Q110: What kind of wave mode travel
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Page 239 and 240: Plate wave or Lamb wave are formed
Page 241 and 242: When guided in layers they are refe
Page 243 and 244: Symmetrical = extensional mode Asym
Page 245 and 246: Other Reading: Lamb Wave Lamb waves
Page 247 and 248: Fig. 4 Diagram of the basic pattern
Page 249 and 250: 2.2.7 Dispersive Wave: Wave modes s
Page 251 and 252: Discussion Subject: Wave Mode and V
Page 253 and 254: Key Points: • Two classes: resona
Page 255 and 256: Q. The most common range of acousti
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Page 259 and 260: Schematic Diagram of a Basic Four-c
Page 261 and 262: After passing the AE system mainfra
Page 263 and 264: AET Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 265 and 266: 6.0 AE Signal Features With the equ
Page 267 and 268: Amplitude, A, is the greatest measu
Page 269 and 270: 7.0 Data Display Software-based AE
Page 271 and 272: Intensity displays are used to give
Page 273 and 274: Amplitude/counts Signal Analysis Th
Page 275 and 276: Source location techniques assume t
Page 277 and 278: Because the above scenario implicit
Page 279 and 280: When additional sensors are applied
Page 281 and 282: 9.0 AE Barkhausen Techniques The Ba
Page 283: Hysterisis Loop- magnetization or d
Page 287 and 288: ■ Gas Trailer Tubes Acoustic emis
Page 289 and 290: ■ Aerospace Structures Most aeros
Page 291 and 292: Others • Fiber-reinforced polymer
Page 293 and 294: Study Note 4: ASTM E1316 Term & Def
Page 295 and 296: • acoustic emission (AE)- the cla
Page 297 and 298: • acoustic emission signature (si
Page 299 and 300: • array, n- a group of two or mor
Page 301 and 302: • continuous emission- see emissi
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Page 305 and 306: AE signal amplitude measured as a r
Page 307 and 308: • distribution, differential (aco
Page 309 and 310: effective velocity, n- velocity cal
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Page 313 and 314: FIG. 3 Continuous Emission. (Sweep
Page 315 and 316: examination area- that portion of a
Page 317 and 318: Kaiser effect- the absence of detec
Page 319 and 320: Linear, Planar, 3D Linear 3D Planar
Page 321 and 322: location, continuous AE signal, n-
Page 323 and 324: Methods of Location • Hit method
Page 325 and 326: logarithmic (acoustic emission) amp
Page 327 and 328: signal overload level- that level a
Page 329 and 330: stimulation- the application of a s
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Q5. The felicity effect is useful i
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Q9. Threshold settings are determin
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Q12. What is the Felicity Effect? A
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Q15. A Hsu-Nielson Source: A. measu
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Q19. The term ""rise time"" refers
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Q23. Four types of AE Source Locati
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Study Note 6: High Strength Steel-
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The properties of different steels
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Keywords: • DP (dual phase), •
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Figure 1: Ductility-strength relati
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However, with conventional TRIP ste
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Back to Basic: Martensite Martensit
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Keywords: Hexagonal & BCC Martensit
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Figure 2: The stress-strain diagram
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Also, the TRIP steel is particularl
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Figure 3: The diagram shows the ver
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Table 1: Effect of alloying element
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■ B, Ti, Zr Adding small amounts
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Acoustic Emission Technique the opt
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ASM introduction Since 1908, ASM is
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Active approach to leak detection T
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Leak detection and location The mod
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■ Method of testing (Linear) The
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Fig 2: Cross-correlation function p
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The figure 1 shows how the position
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Area surveys using acoustic loggers
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The reading of an area meter could
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CONCLUSIONS In the last fifteen yea
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■ ωσμ∙Ωπ∆ ∇ º≠δ≤
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Peach - 我爱桃子 Charlie Cho
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Good Luck Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Understanding Acoustic Emission Testing- Reading 1 Part B-A

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