Understanding Acoustic Emission Testing- Reading 1 Part B-A

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Recently, new group of austenitic steels with 15-25 percent of manganese contents and 3 percent of aluminum and silicon has been developed for automotive use. This group is divided into transformation induced plasticity steels (HMS-TRIP) and twinning induced plasticity steels (HMS-TWIP) due to the characteristic phenomena occurring during plastic deformation inside the grains. At 700 MPa, the TRIP steels are also exceptionally strong. However, their ductility is moderate, at approximately 35 percent. This characteristic – ductile yet strong – is the result of changes in the crystal lattice. When forces act on the steel, it changes from the face-centered cubic form, austenite to the body centered cubic form, martensite. It is the collective shear of the crystal lattice planes (the transformation) that makes traditional TRIP steel ductile. Keywords: (improved formability?) When forces act on the steel, it changes from the face-centered cubic form, austenite to the body centered cubic form, martensite. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://cn.totalmateria.com/page.aspx?ID=CheckArticle&LN=KO&site=kts&NM=207
However, with conventional TRIP steel, a certain amount of the austenite portion is transformed to martensite – a rigid crystal structure that allows hardly any stretching. In crash tests, this steel offers only about 5 percent additional ductility. With the increased share of manganese, silicon and aluminum atoms in the iron crystal, the TRIP effect is twice as profound, thus providing double additional ductility. The reason for twinning is that the alloy elements make two martensitic transformations possible – first a change from austenite to hexagonal martensite, and then from the hexagonal structure to the bodycentered cubic martensite. Keypoints: TWIP Hardening Mechanism? The reason for twinning is that the alloy elements make 2 (two) Martensitic transformations possible – (1) first a change from austenite to hexagonal martensite, and then from the hexagonal structure to the (2) tetragonal body-centered cubic martensite. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://cn.totalmateria.com/page.aspx?ID=CheckArticle&LN=KO&site=kts&NM=207
Page 1 and 2:
Understanding Acoustic Emission Tes
Page 3 and 4:
Concrete Offshore structure Charlie
Page 5 and 6:
Refinery Applications Charlie Chong
Page 7 and 8:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 9 and 10:
The Magical Book of Acoustic Emissi
Page 11 and 12:
ASNT Certification Guide NDT Level
Page 13 and 14:
3 Techniques • Equipment calibrat
Page 15 and 16:
Fion Zhang at Shanghai 3rd Septembe
Page 17 and 18:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://gr
Page 19 and 20:
Video on - Leak Detection on Buried
Page 21 and 22:
ASME V Article Numbers: Gen Article
Page 23 and 24:
ASTM Standards E976 - 05 Standard G
Page 25 and 26:
ASTM Standards E1781 - 08 Standard
Page 27 and 28:
Typical AET Signal https://dspace.l
Page 29 and 30:
Study Note 1: AET http://www.geocit
Page 31 and 32:
Until about 1973, acoustic emission
Page 33 and 34:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://ww
Page 35 and 36:
AE Technique The AE technique (AET)
Page 37 and 38:
What is Normal (Gaussian) distribut
Page 39 and 40:
Probability density function for th
Page 41 and 42:
Cumulative distribution function of
Page 43 and 44:
Crystal Twinning Crystal twinning o
Page 45 and 46:
What is Crystal Twinning Crystal tw
Page 47 and 48:
Crystal Twinning Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 49 and 50:
Crystal Twinning- Diagram of twinne
Page 51 and 52:
AET Set-up Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
Page 53 and 54:
Continuous type Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 55 and 56:
Discussion Subject: explains on the
Page 57 and 58:
Kaiser Effect Plastic deformation i
Page 59 and 60:
Felicity effect is an effect in aco
Page 61 and 62:
Activity of AE Sources in Structura
Page 63 and 64:
Felicity Effect - the applied load
Page 65 and 66:
AE Parameters Various parameters us
Page 67 and 68:
AET Advantages AE testing is a powe
Page 69 and 70:
A Few Typical Applications • Dete
Page 71 and 72:
Acoustic Emission Testing Advantage
Page 73 and 74:
End of Reading 1 Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 75 and 76:
16 Acoustic Emission Methods Charli
Page 77 and 78:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 79 and 80:
Foreword: Acoustic emission refers
Page 81 and 82:
Acoustic emissions, which occur in
Page 83 and 84:
At about the same time, but indepen
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 1: A cube with sides of leng
Page 87 and 88:
Green also noted the Kaiser effect,
Page 89 and 90:
16.3 Theoretical Considerations Whe
Page 91 and 92:
FIGURE 16.1 The two basic types of
Page 93 and 94:
FIGURE 16.2 A typical acoustic emis
Page 95 and 96:
FIGURE 16.3 Typical view of an acou
Page 97 and 98:
1. The total number of counts (e.g.
Page 99 and 100:
■ Rise time — This is the inter
Page 101 and 102:
Energy analysis — This is an indi
Page 103 and 104:
FIGURE 16.5 The main elements of a
Page 105 and 106:
Fourier-Transform (FT) The Fourier
Page 107 and 108:
Signal Evaluation: Analysis of the
Page 109 and 110:
Signal Evaluation: Raise Time/ Even
Page 111 and 112:
Signal Evaluation: Amplitude Distri
Page 113 and 114:
Signal Evaluation: Energy analysis-
Page 115 and 116:
Signal Evaluation: Raise Time/ Even
Page 117 and 118:
FIGURE 16.5 The main elements of a
Page 119 and 120:
A brief description of the most imp
Page 121 and 122:
PZT:- If the p.d or the stress is c
Page 123 and 124:
AET Transducer In 0.1KHz~2.0KHz Cha
Page 125 and 126:
2. Preamplifier: Because of the low
Page 127 and 128:
There are generally two (or more) c
Page 129 and 130:
Spooner and Dougill confirmed that
Page 131 and 132:
Spooner and Dougill conclusion on K
Page 133 and 134:
16.6.3 Signal Attenuation The elast
Page 135 and 136:
16.6.4 Specimen Geometry It has bee
Page 137 and 138:
16.6.6 Concrete Strength It has bee
Page 139 and 140:
16.7.1 Fracture Mechanics Studies A
Page 141 and 142:
16.7.2 Type of Cracks A number of a
Page 143 and 144:
They found that, while the number o
Page 145 and 146:
Sadowska-Boczar et al. tried to qua
Page 147 and 148:
FIGURE 16.7 Within-batch variabilit
Page 149 and 150:
16.7.6 Fiber Reinforced Cements and
Page 151 and 152:
Fiber Reinforced Cements and Concre
Page 153 and 154:
Perhaps the most extensive series o
Page 155 and 156:
16.7.8 Thermal Cracking Relatively
Page 157 and 158:
They found that acoustic emissions
Page 159 and 160:
Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in C
Page 161 and 162:
16.8 Field Studies of Acoustic Emis
Page 163 and 164:
16.9 Conclusions From the discussio
Page 165 and 166:
Concrete Structures Charlie Chong/
Page 167 and 168:
Concrete Structures Charlie Chong/
Page 169 and 170:
Concrete Structures- The Troll A pl
Page 171 and 172:
Concrete Structures- The Troll A pl
Page 173 and 174:
End of Reading 2 Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 175 and 176:
1.0 Introduction Acoustic Emission
Page 177 and 178:
Twinning Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 179 and 180:
Acoustic Emission is unlike most ot
Page 181 and 182:
2.0 A Brief History of AE Testing A
Page 183 and 184:
3.0 Theory - AE Sources As mentione
Page 185 and 186:
The amount of energy released by an
Page 187 and 188:
Activity of AE Sources in Structura
Page 189 and 190:
Kaiser/Felicity effects Felicity ef
Page 191 and 192:
Dunegan corollary states that if ac
Page 193 and 194:
Comments: Emissions are observed pr
Page 195 and 196:
Pseudo Sources In addition to the A
Page 197 and 198:
Wave Propagation A primitive wave r
Page 199 and 200:
Waves radiates from the source in a
Page 201 and 202:
Angular dependence of acoustic emis
Page 203 and 204:
The signal that is detected by a se
Page 205 and 206:
highly damped, nonmetallic material
Page 207 and 208:
Attenuation: 1. Spread (30% for 2D,
Page 209 and 210:
Teflon shoe http://www.ndt.net/ndta
Page 211 and 212:
Lamb waves in acoustic emission tes
Page 213 and 214:
2.2.5 Rayleigh Characteristics Rayl
Page 215 and 216:
Q29: The longitudinal wave incident
Page 217 and 218:
The major axis of the ellipse is pe
Page 219 and 220:
Surface wave Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
Page 221 and 222:
Surface wave has the ability to fol
Page 223 and 224:
Surface wave - One wavelength deep
Page 225 and 226:
Rayleigh Wave Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
Page 227 and 228:
Love Wave Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 229 and 230:
Other Reading: Rayleigh Waves Surfa
Page 231 and 232:
Q110: What kind of wave mode travel
Page 233 and 234:
Q192: Surface waves are reduced to
Page 235 and 236:
Since the 1990s, the understanding
Page 237 and 238:
Plate or Lamb waves are the most co
Page 239 and 240:
Plate wave or Lamb wave are formed
Page 241 and 242:
When guided in layers they are refe
Page 243 and 244:
Symmetrical = extensional mode Asym
Page 245 and 246:
Other Reading: Lamb Wave Lamb waves
Page 247 and 248:
Fig. 4 Diagram of the basic pattern
Page 249 and 250:
2.2.7 Dispersive Wave: Wave modes s
Page 251 and 252:
Discussion Subject: Wave Mode and V
Page 253 and 254:
Key Points: • Two classes: resona
Page 255 and 256:
Q. The most common range of acousti
Page 257 and 258:
Equipment- Probe Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 259 and 260:
Schematic Diagram of a Basic Four-c
Page 261 and 262:
After passing the AE system mainfra
Page 263 and 264:
AET Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 265 and 266:
6.0 AE Signal Features With the equ
Page 267 and 268:
Amplitude, A, is the greatest measu
Page 269 and 270:
7.0 Data Display Software-based AE
Page 271 and 272:
Intensity displays are used to give
Page 273 and 274:
Amplitude/counts Signal Analysis Th
Page 275 and 276:
Source location techniques assume t
Page 277 and 278:
Because the above scenario implicit
Page 279 and 280:
When additional sensors are applied
Page 281 and 282:
9.0 AE Barkhausen Techniques The Ba
Page 283 and 284:
Hysterisis Loop- magnetization or d
Page 285 and 286:
■ Bucket Truck (Cherry Pickers) I
Page 287 and 288:
■ Gas Trailer Tubes Acoustic emis
Page 289 and 290:
■ Aerospace Structures Most aeros
Page 291 and 292:
Others • Fiber-reinforced polymer
Page 293 and 294:
Study Note 4: ASTM E1316 Term & Def
Page 295 and 296:
• acoustic emission (AE)- the cla
Page 297 and 298:
• acoustic emission signature (si
Page 299 and 300:
• array, n- a group of two or mor
Page 301 and 302:
• continuous emission- see emissi
Page 303 and 304: • dB AE - a logarithmic measure o
Page 305 and 306: AE signal amplitude measured as a r
Page 307 and 308: • distribution, differential (aco
Page 309 and 310: effective velocity, n- velocity cal
Page 311 and 312: FIG. 1 Burst Emission on a Continuo
Page 313 and 314: FIG. 3 Continuous Emission. (Sweep
Page 315 and 316: examination area- that portion of a
Page 317 and 318: Kaiser effect- the absence of detec
Page 319 and 320: Linear, Planar, 3D Linear 3D Planar
Page 321 and 322: location, continuous AE signal, n-
Page 323 and 324: Methods of Location • Hit method
Page 325 and 326: logarithmic (acoustic emission) amp
Page 327 and 328: signal overload level- that level a
Page 329 and 330: stimulation- the application of a s
Page 331 and 332: End of Reading 4 Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 333 and 334: Q1. The most common range of acoust
Page 335 and 336: Q5. The felicity effect is useful i
Page 337 and 338: Q9. Threshold settings are determin
Page 339 and 340: Q12. What is the Felicity Effect? A
Page 341 and 342: Q15. A Hsu-Nielson Source: A. measu
Page 343 and 344: Q19. The term ""rise time"" refers
Page 345 and 346: Q23. Four types of AE Source Locati
Page 347 and 348: Study Note 6: High Strength Steel-
Page 349 and 350: The properties of different steels
Page 351 and 352: Keywords: • DP (dual phase), •
Page 353: Figure 1: Ductility-strength relati
Page 357 and 358: Back to Basic: Martensite Martensit
Page 359 and 360: Keywords: Hexagonal & BCC Martensit
Page 361 and 362: Figure 2: The stress-strain diagram
Page 363 and 364: Also, the TRIP steel is particularl
Page 365 and 366: Figure 3: The diagram shows the ver
Page 367 and 368: Table 1: Effect of alloying element
Page 369 and 370: ■ B, Ti, Zr Adding small amounts
Page 371 and 372: Acoustic Emission Technique the opt
Page 373 and 374: ASM introduction Since 1908, ASM is
Page 375 and 376: Active approach to leak detection T
Page 377 and 378: Leak detection and location The mod
Page 379 and 380: ■ Method of testing (Linear) The
Page 381 and 382: Fig 2: Cross-correlation function p
Page 383 and 384: The figure 1 shows how the position
Page 385 and 386: Area surveys using acoustic loggers
Page 387 and 388: The reading of an area meter could
Page 389 and 390: CONCLUSIONS In the last fifteen yea
Page 391 and 392: ■ ωσμ∙Ωπ∆ ∇ º≠δ≤
Page 393 and 394: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 395 and 396: Peach - 我爱桃子 Charlie Cho
Page 397 and 398: Good Luck Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 399: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
show all

Understanding Acoustic Emission Testing- Reading 1 Part B-A

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?