Understanding Acoustic Emission Testing- Reading 1 Part B-A

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Discrete Burst Type (Kaiser effect) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://www.geocities.ws/raobpc/AET.html
Kaiser Effect Plastic deformation is the primary source of AE in loaded metallic structures. An important feature affecting the AE during deformation of a material is ‘Kaiser Effect’, which states that additional AE occurs only when the stress level exceeds previous stress level. A similar effect for composites is termed as 'Falicity effect'. (?) Comments: Kaiser effect- when the load is released and later applied, AE will not be emitted until the previous maximum is reaches. Falicity effect- an effect that deviate from Kaiser effect Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://www.geocities.ws/raobpc/AET.html
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Understanding Acoustic Emission Tes
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Concrete Offshore structure Charlie
Page 5 and 6: Refinery Applications Charlie Chong
Page 7 and 8: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 9 and 10: The Magical Book of Acoustic Emissi
Page 11 and 12: ASNT Certification Guide NDT Level
Page 13 and 14: 3 Techniques • Equipment calibrat
Page 15 and 16: Fion Zhang at Shanghai 3rd Septembe
Page 17 and 18: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://gr
Page 19 and 20: Video on - Leak Detection on Buried
Page 21 and 22: ASME V Article Numbers: Gen Article
Page 23 and 24: ASTM Standards E976 - 05 Standard G
Page 25 and 26: ASTM Standards E1781 - 08 Standard
Page 27 and 28: Typical AET Signal https://dspace.l
Page 29 and 30: Study Note 1: AET http://www.geocit
Page 31 and 32: Until about 1973, acoustic emission
Page 33 and 34: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://ww
Page 35 and 36: AE Technique The AE technique (AET)
Page 37 and 38: What is Normal (Gaussian) distribut
Page 39 and 40: Probability density function for th
Page 41 and 42: Cumulative distribution function of
Page 43 and 44: Crystal Twinning Crystal twinning o
Page 45 and 46: What is Crystal Twinning Crystal tw
Page 47 and 48: Crystal Twinning Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 49 and 50: Crystal Twinning- Diagram of twinne
Page 51 and 52: AET Set-up Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
Page 53 and 54: Continuous type Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 55: Discussion Subject: explains on the
Page 59 and 60: Felicity effect is an effect in aco
Page 61 and 62: Activity of AE Sources in Structura
Page 63 and 64: Felicity Effect - the applied load
Page 65 and 66: AE Parameters Various parameters us
Page 67 and 68: AET Advantages AE testing is a powe
Page 69 and 70: A Few Typical Applications • Dete
Page 71 and 72: Acoustic Emission Testing Advantage
Page 73 and 74: End of Reading 1 Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 75 and 76: 16 Acoustic Emission Methods Charli
Page 77 and 78: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 79 and 80: Foreword: Acoustic emission refers
Page 81 and 82: Acoustic emissions, which occur in
Page 83 and 84: At about the same time, but indepen
Page 85 and 86: Figure 1: A cube with sides of leng
Page 87 and 88: Green also noted the Kaiser effect,
Page 89 and 90: 16.3 Theoretical Considerations Whe
Page 91 and 92: FIGURE 16.1 The two basic types of
Page 93 and 94: FIGURE 16.2 A typical acoustic emis
Page 95 and 96: FIGURE 16.3 Typical view of an acou
Page 97 and 98: 1. The total number of counts (e.g.
Page 99 and 100: ■ Rise time — This is the inter
Page 101 and 102: Energy analysis — This is an indi
Page 103 and 104: FIGURE 16.5 The main elements of a
Page 105 and 106: Fourier-Transform (FT) The Fourier
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Signal Evaluation: Analysis of the
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Signal Evaluation: Raise Time/ Even
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Signal Evaluation: Amplitude Distri
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Signal Evaluation: Energy analysis-
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Signal Evaluation: Raise Time/ Even
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FIGURE 16.5 The main elements of a
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A brief description of the most imp
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PZT:- If the p.d or the stress is c
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AET Transducer In 0.1KHz~2.0KHz Cha
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2. Preamplifier: Because of the low
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There are generally two (or more) c
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Spooner and Dougill confirmed that
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Spooner and Dougill conclusion on K
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16.6.3 Signal Attenuation The elast
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16.6.4 Specimen Geometry It has bee
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16.6.6 Concrete Strength It has bee
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16.7.1 Fracture Mechanics Studies A
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16.7.2 Type of Cracks A number of a
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They found that, while the number o
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Sadowska-Boczar et al. tried to qua
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FIGURE 16.7 Within-batch variabilit
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16.7.6 Fiber Reinforced Cements and
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Fiber Reinforced Cements and Concre
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Perhaps the most extensive series o
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16.7.8 Thermal Cracking Relatively
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They found that acoustic emissions
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Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in C
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16.8 Field Studies of Acoustic Emis
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16.9 Conclusions From the discussio
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Concrete Structures Charlie Chong/
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Concrete Structures Charlie Chong/
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Concrete Structures- The Troll A pl
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Concrete Structures- The Troll A pl
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End of Reading 2 Charlie Chong/ Fio
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1.0 Introduction Acoustic Emission
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Twinning Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Acoustic Emission is unlike most ot
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2.0 A Brief History of AE Testing A
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3.0 Theory - AE Sources As mentione
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The amount of energy released by an
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Activity of AE Sources in Structura
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Kaiser/Felicity effects Felicity ef
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Dunegan corollary states that if ac
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Comments: Emissions are observed pr
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Pseudo Sources In addition to the A
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Wave Propagation A primitive wave r
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Waves radiates from the source in a
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Angular dependence of acoustic emis
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The signal that is detected by a se
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highly damped, nonmetallic material
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Attenuation: 1. Spread (30% for 2D,
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Teflon shoe http://www.ndt.net/ndta
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Lamb waves in acoustic emission tes
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2.2.5 Rayleigh Characteristics Rayl
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Q29: The longitudinal wave incident
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The major axis of the ellipse is pe
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Surface wave Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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Surface wave has the ability to fol
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Surface wave - One wavelength deep
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Rayleigh Wave Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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Love Wave Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Other Reading: Rayleigh Waves Surfa
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Q110: What kind of wave mode travel
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Q192: Surface waves are reduced to
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Since the 1990s, the understanding
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Plate or Lamb waves are the most co
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Plate wave or Lamb wave are formed
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When guided in layers they are refe
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Symmetrical = extensional mode Asym
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Other Reading: Lamb Wave Lamb waves
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Fig. 4 Diagram of the basic pattern
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2.2.7 Dispersive Wave: Wave modes s
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Discussion Subject: Wave Mode and V
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Key Points: • Two classes: resona
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Q. The most common range of acousti
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Equipment- Probe Charlie Chong/ Fio
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Schematic Diagram of a Basic Four-c
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After passing the AE system mainfra
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AET Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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6.0 AE Signal Features With the equ
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Amplitude, A, is the greatest measu
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7.0 Data Display Software-based AE
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Intensity displays are used to give
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Amplitude/counts Signal Analysis Th
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Source location techniques assume t
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Because the above scenario implicit
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When additional sensors are applied
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9.0 AE Barkhausen Techniques The Ba
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Hysterisis Loop- magnetization or d
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■ Bucket Truck (Cherry Pickers) I
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■ Gas Trailer Tubes Acoustic emis
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■ Aerospace Structures Most aeros
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Others • Fiber-reinforced polymer
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Study Note 4: ASTM E1316 Term & Def
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• acoustic emission (AE)- the cla
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• acoustic emission signature (si
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• array, n- a group of two or mor
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• continuous emission- see emissi
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• dB AE - a logarithmic measure o
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AE signal amplitude measured as a r
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• distribution, differential (aco
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effective velocity, n- velocity cal
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FIG. 1 Burst Emission on a Continuo
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FIG. 3 Continuous Emission. (Sweep
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examination area- that portion of a
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Kaiser effect- the absence of detec
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Linear, Planar, 3D Linear 3D Planar
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location, continuous AE signal, n-
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Methods of Location • Hit method
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logarithmic (acoustic emission) amp
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signal overload level- that level a
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stimulation- the application of a s
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End of Reading 4 Charlie Chong/ Fio
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Q1. The most common range of acoust
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Q5. The felicity effect is useful i
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Q9. Threshold settings are determin
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Q12. What is the Felicity Effect? A
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Q15. A Hsu-Nielson Source: A. measu
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Q19. The term ""rise time"" refers
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Q23. Four types of AE Source Locati
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Study Note 6: High Strength Steel-
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The properties of different steels
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Keywords: • DP (dual phase), •
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Figure 1: Ductility-strength relati
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However, with conventional TRIP ste
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Back to Basic: Martensite Martensit
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Keywords: Hexagonal & BCC Martensit
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Figure 2: The stress-strain diagram
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Also, the TRIP steel is particularl
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Figure 3: The diagram shows the ver
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Table 1: Effect of alloying element
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■ B, Ti, Zr Adding small amounts
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Acoustic Emission Technique the opt
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ASM introduction Since 1908, ASM is
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Active approach to leak detection T
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Leak detection and location The mod
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■ Method of testing (Linear) The
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Fig 2: Cross-correlation function p
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The figure 1 shows how the position
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Area surveys using acoustic loggers
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The reading of an area meter could
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CONCLUSIONS In the last fifteen yea
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■ ωσμ∙Ωπ∆ ∇ º≠δ≤
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Peach - 我爱桃子 Charlie Cho
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Good Luck Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Understanding Acoustic Emission Testing- Reading 1 Part B-A

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