Understanding Acoustic Emission Testing- Reading 1 Part B-A

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• dead time- any interval during data acquisition when the instrument or system is unable to accept new data for any reason. (E 750) 3 • differential (acoustic emission) amplitude distribution F(V)- see distribution, differential (acoustic emission) amplitude f(V). • differential (acoustic emission) threshold crossing distribution ft(V)- see distribution, differential (acoustic emission) threshold crossing. • distribution, amplitude, cumulative (acoustic emission) F(V)- the number of acoustic emission events with signals that exceed an arbitrary amplitude as a function of amplitude V. • distribution, threshold crossing, cumulative (acoustic emission) Ft (V)- the number of times the acoustic emission signal exceeds an arbitrary threshold as a function of the threshold voltage (V). Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang E1316-05
• distribution, differential (acoustic emission) amplitude f(V)- the number of acoustic emission events with signal amplitudes between amplitudes of V and V + ∆V as a function of the amplitude V. f(V) is the absolute value of the derivative of the cumulative amplitude distribution F(V). • distribution, differential (acoustic emission) threshold crossing f t (V)- The number of times the acoustic emission signal waveform has a peak between thresholds V and V + ∆V as a function of the threshold V. f t (V) is the absolute value of the derivative of the cumulative threshold crossing distribution F t (V). • distribution, logarithmic (acoustic emission) amplitude g(V)- the number of acoustic emission events with signal amplitudes between V and α V (where α is a constant multiplier) as a function of the amplitude. This is a variant of the differential amplitude distribution, appropriate for logarithmically windowed data. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang E1316-05
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Understanding Acoustic Emission Tes
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Concrete Offshore structure Charlie
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Refinery Applications Charlie Chong
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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The Magical Book of Acoustic Emissi
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ASNT Certification Guide NDT Level
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3 Techniques • Equipment calibrat
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Fion Zhang at Shanghai 3rd Septembe
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://gr
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Video on - Leak Detection on Buried
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ASME V Article Numbers: Gen Article
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ASTM Standards E976 - 05 Standard G
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ASTM Standards E1781 - 08 Standard
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Typical AET Signal https://dspace.l
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Study Note 1: AET http://www.geocit
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Until about 1973, acoustic emission
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://ww
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AE Technique The AE technique (AET)
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What is Normal (Gaussian) distribut
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Probability density function for th
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Cumulative distribution function of
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Crystal Twinning Crystal twinning o
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What is Crystal Twinning Crystal tw
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Crystal Twinning Charlie Chong/ Fio
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Crystal Twinning- Diagram of twinne
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AET Set-up Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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Continuous type Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Discussion Subject: explains on the
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Kaiser Effect Plastic deformation i
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Felicity effect is an effect in aco
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Activity of AE Sources in Structura
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Felicity Effect - the applied load
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AE Parameters Various parameters us
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AET Advantages AE testing is a powe
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A Few Typical Applications • Dete
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Acoustic Emission Testing Advantage
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End of Reading 1 Charlie Chong/ Fio
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16 Acoustic Emission Methods Charli
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Foreword: Acoustic emission refers
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Acoustic emissions, which occur in
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At about the same time, but indepen
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Figure 1: A cube with sides of leng
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Green also noted the Kaiser effect,
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16.3 Theoretical Considerations Whe
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FIGURE 16.1 The two basic types of
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FIGURE 16.2 A typical acoustic emis
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FIGURE 16.3 Typical view of an acou
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1. The total number of counts (e.g.
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■ Rise time — This is the inter
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Energy analysis — This is an indi
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FIGURE 16.5 The main elements of a
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Fourier-Transform (FT) The Fourier
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Signal Evaluation: Analysis of the
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Signal Evaluation: Raise Time/ Even
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Signal Evaluation: Amplitude Distri
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Signal Evaluation: Energy analysis-
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Signal Evaluation: Raise Time/ Even
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FIGURE 16.5 The main elements of a
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A brief description of the most imp
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PZT:- If the p.d or the stress is c
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AET Transducer In 0.1KHz~2.0KHz Cha
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2. Preamplifier: Because of the low
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There are generally two (or more) c
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Spooner and Dougill confirmed that
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Spooner and Dougill conclusion on K
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16.6.3 Signal Attenuation The elast
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16.6.4 Specimen Geometry It has bee
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16.6.6 Concrete Strength It has bee
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16.7.1 Fracture Mechanics Studies A
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16.7.2 Type of Cracks A number of a
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They found that, while the number o
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Sadowska-Boczar et al. tried to qua
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FIGURE 16.7 Within-batch variabilit
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16.7.6 Fiber Reinforced Cements and
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Fiber Reinforced Cements and Concre
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Perhaps the most extensive series o
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16.7.8 Thermal Cracking Relatively
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They found that acoustic emissions
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Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in C
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16.8 Field Studies of Acoustic Emis
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16.9 Conclusions From the discussio
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Concrete Structures Charlie Chong/
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Concrete Structures Charlie Chong/
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Concrete Structures- The Troll A pl
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Concrete Structures- The Troll A pl
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End of Reading 2 Charlie Chong/ Fio
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1.0 Introduction Acoustic Emission
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Twinning Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Acoustic Emission is unlike most ot
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2.0 A Brief History of AE Testing A
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3.0 Theory - AE Sources As mentione
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The amount of energy released by an
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Activity of AE Sources in Structura
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Kaiser/Felicity effects Felicity ef
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Dunegan corollary states that if ac
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Comments: Emissions are observed pr
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Pseudo Sources In addition to the A
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Wave Propagation A primitive wave r
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Waves radiates from the source in a
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Angular dependence of acoustic emis
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The signal that is detected by a se
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highly damped, nonmetallic material
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Attenuation: 1. Spread (30% for 2D,
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Teflon shoe http://www.ndt.net/ndta
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Lamb waves in acoustic emission tes
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2.2.5 Rayleigh Characteristics Rayl
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Q29: The longitudinal wave incident
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The major axis of the ellipse is pe
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Surface wave Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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Surface wave has the ability to fol
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Surface wave - One wavelength deep
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Rayleigh Wave Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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Love Wave Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Other Reading: Rayleigh Waves Surfa
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Q110: What kind of wave mode travel
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Q192: Surface waves are reduced to
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Since the 1990s, the understanding
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Plate or Lamb waves are the most co
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Plate wave or Lamb wave are formed
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When guided in layers they are refe
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Symmetrical = extensional mode Asym
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Other Reading: Lamb Wave Lamb waves
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Fig. 4 Diagram of the basic pattern
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2.2.7 Dispersive Wave: Wave modes s
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Discussion Subject: Wave Mode and V
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Key Points: • Two classes: resona
Page 255 and 256: Q. The most common range of acousti
Page 257 and 258: Equipment- Probe Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 259 and 260: Schematic Diagram of a Basic Four-c
Page 261 and 262: After passing the AE system mainfra
Page 263 and 264: AET Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 265 and 266: 6.0 AE Signal Features With the equ
Page 267 and 268: Amplitude, A, is the greatest measu
Page 269 and 270: 7.0 Data Display Software-based AE
Page 271 and 272: Intensity displays are used to give
Page 273 and 274: Amplitude/counts Signal Analysis Th
Page 275 and 276: Source location techniques assume t
Page 277 and 278: Because the above scenario implicit
Page 279 and 280: When additional sensors are applied
Page 281 and 282: 9.0 AE Barkhausen Techniques The Ba
Page 283 and 284: Hysterisis Loop- magnetization or d
Page 285 and 286: ■ Bucket Truck (Cherry Pickers) I
Page 287 and 288: ■ Gas Trailer Tubes Acoustic emis
Page 289 and 290: ■ Aerospace Structures Most aeros
Page 291 and 292: Others • Fiber-reinforced polymer
Page 293 and 294: Study Note 4: ASTM E1316 Term & Def
Page 295 and 296: • acoustic emission (AE)- the cla
Page 297 and 298: • acoustic emission signature (si
Page 299 and 300: • array, n- a group of two or mor
Page 301 and 302: • continuous emission- see emissi
Page 303 and 304: • dB AE - a logarithmic measure o
Page 305: AE signal amplitude measured as a r
Page 309 and 310: effective velocity, n- velocity cal
Page 311 and 312: FIG. 1 Burst Emission on a Continuo
Page 313 and 314: FIG. 3 Continuous Emission. (Sweep
Page 315 and 316: examination area- that portion of a
Page 317 and 318: Kaiser effect- the absence of detec
Page 319 and 320: Linear, Planar, 3D Linear 3D Planar
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Page 323 and 324: Methods of Location • Hit method
Page 325 and 326: logarithmic (acoustic emission) amp
Page 327 and 328: signal overload level- that level a
Page 329 and 330: stimulation- the application of a s
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Page 333 and 334: Q1. The most common range of acoust
Page 335 and 336: Q5. The felicity effect is useful i
Page 337 and 338: Q9. Threshold settings are determin
Page 339 and 340: Q12. What is the Felicity Effect? A
Page 341 and 342: Q15. A Hsu-Nielson Source: A. measu
Page 343 and 344: Q19. The term ""rise time"" refers
Page 345 and 346: Q23. Four types of AE Source Locati
Page 347 and 348: Study Note 6: High Strength Steel-
Page 349 and 350: The properties of different steels
Page 351 and 352: Keywords: • DP (dual phase), •
Page 353 and 354: Figure 1: Ductility-strength relati
Page 355 and 356: However, with conventional TRIP ste
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Back to Basic: Martensite Martensit
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Keywords: Hexagonal & BCC Martensit
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Figure 2: The stress-strain diagram
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Also, the TRIP steel is particularl
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Figure 3: The diagram shows the ver
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Table 1: Effect of alloying element
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■ B, Ti, Zr Adding small amounts
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Acoustic Emission Technique the opt
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ASM introduction Since 1908, ASM is
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Active approach to leak detection T
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Leak detection and location The mod
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■ Method of testing (Linear) The
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Fig 2: Cross-correlation function p
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The figure 1 shows how the position
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Area surveys using acoustic loggers
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The reading of an area meter could
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CONCLUSIONS In the last fifteen yea
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■ ωσμ∙Ωπ∆ ∇ º≠δ≤
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Peach - 我爱桃子 Charlie Cho
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Good Luck Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Understanding Acoustic Emission Testing- Reading 1 Part B-A

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