All About - History - Hitler Versus Stain

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CASTLES AND FORTS How to TRAIN AS A KNIGHT BECOMING AN ELITE CAVALRY WARRIOR TOOK MORE THAN A DECADE OF DEDICATION EUROPE, 1400S MOUNTED WARRIOR Across much of Medieval Europe, the feudal system of grants of land made in return for service held sway. Kings gave vast areas to their wealthiest nobles in return for military support. Similarly, those nobles gave smaller plots to lower lords, who ultimately rented it to peasants to farm. Yet while kings and higher nobles weren’t strangers to battle, it was those lower lords, or knights, who were the true warrior class. Their fighting skills were so valued that they were often ransomed if captured in combat. Small wonder, then, that acquiring those skills took years of determination and dedication. WHAT YOU’LL NEED FLAIL Shield Fordefence,butalsoforidentification intheheatofconfusedbattleviathe knight’s decorative coat of arms. Lance Some four metres in length,ithasablunt,flat end for jousting, but is sharpened for combat Armour By 1400, full plate steel armour offers near full-body protection. The bascinet helmet encasingtheheadgivesamenacinglook Horse Thedestrierbreedisfavoured,being strong, quick and agile, though others such as coursers or rounceys are widely used. Covering A caparison reflecting the knight’s coat of arms adorns his charger for jousts. For warfare, horse armour called barding may be worn. MORNING STAR GREAT SWORD THROWING AXE WARHAMMER 01 Be lucky at birth While it is not unheard of for sons of lowly peasants to rise to knighthood, it helps greatly to be born of noble, wealthy stock. Offspring of lordly knights with access to expensive horses and equipment have all the advantages, yet you will still have to prove yourself worthy of honour in the daunting years ahead. 02 Play gets serious Around the age of seven, young boys take on the role of page to a lord. As one, you’ll begin to learn skills like archery, falconry and of course horsemanship, as well being taught chivalry – the codes by which a knight should live. Importantly, play with wooden swords subtly teaches you the vital craft of swordsmanship. 24
How not to… enjoy the benefits of knighthood KingHenryIIofFrancehadput himselfinastrongposition.Thepeace treaty of Cateau-Cambresis had been concluded,ending60yearsofconflict withSpainoverdisputedneighbouring territories. His daughter Elisabeth had wed King Phillip II of Spain, cementing relations between the two countries. England, also signatories of the treaty, had given Calais back to France, and evenHenry’ssicklysonFrancishad beenmarriedofftoMary,Queenof Scots, confirming another alliance. The prospects for France and its 40-yearold King looked healthy. In celebration, Henry,aferventhuntsmanandjoust competitor,hostedatournament.He challenged Gabriel Montgomery, lord ofLorgeandcaptainoftheScottish Guard,attheFrenchcourt.Whenthey clashed, Montgomery’s lance shattered. Splinters flew everywhere, including throughHenry’seyeandintohisbrain. HeswiftlyabsolvedMontgomeryof any blame, but soon deteriorated, dying ten days later. 4 FAMOUS… ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD KNIGHTS TEMPLAR C.1118-1312,MIDDLEEAST This military religious order protected pilgrims journeying to the Holy Land, but was disbanded by Pope Clement V due to pressure from Phillip IV of France. 03 Service for knowledge Pagesbecomesquiresatabout14.You’llhavelearned to handle a lance on wooden horses, but now you’re developingthoseskillsonliveones.Thosehorsesneedtending, though, and that’s one of your tasks, along with cleaning armour and weapons. Smart squires learn plenty watching the knight theyserveintournamentjousts–yethe’llhaveobligationstoo… 04 Theapprenticeshipgetsreal …Ifthekingsummonsyourknighttobattle,hewill take his squires with him. Before, he’ll likely have been educating you about castle defence and siege warfare – now you’refindingoutfirsthand.Oneoftheharshestlessonsofall, of life and death, cannot be escaped. Whether vaunted kings or fledgling squires, people die on battlefields. TEUTONIC KNIGHTS C. 1190-PRESENT, GERMANY Founded during the Crusades asanursing,thenmilitary,unit, it later relocated to subdue the paganBalticregion.Itisareligious charitable organisation today. THE ORDER OF THE GARTER 1348-PRESENT, ENGLAND Set up by Edward III, it consists of the sovereign, the Prince of Wales and no more than 24 members. 05 Forged in battle Youlivetotellthetale,andtofightanotherday.You honour your friend’s memory by striving to be as good a warriorashim.Infurthercampaigns,youdon’thesitatetojoin dismounted knights as they fight hand to hand in brutal, bloody melees. Courage and bravery combined with your diligently acquiredskillsmarkyououtasspecial. 06 Atapontheshoulder Theusualageatwhichasquirecanbedubbedaknightis 21. Your exceptional battlefield valour, however, may mean youreceivethehonourearly.Afteranightofsolitaryprayer,you swearoathstoprotectthekingandtoactchivalrously.Aswordis placed on your shoulder, and you hear the treasured, ceremonial word: “Arise, Sir Knight!” THEORDEROFTHE GOLDEN FLEECE 1430-PRESENT, FRANCE Founded in Burgundy by Phillip III,itlaterbecameassociated with Austria and Spain. © Ed Crooks 25
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All About - History - Hitler Versus Stain

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