All About - History - Hitler Versus Stain

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Greatest Battles Russian Far East Fleet BATTLESHIPS 7 CRUISERS 5 Russian railroads 02 The thing the Japanese are most wary of is the Russian train-building programme. Since 1897, the Russians have been laying down tracks in Chinese territory, tightening their grip on economic control in the region. Manchuria is rich in natural resources and the single-rail track that leads to Port Arthur is in Japanese sights. Port Arthur 01 The natural harbour is dominated by steep hills on one side that looked out to the Yellow Sea. Stories of fearsome Russian defences with 150mm guns and giant mortars make the Japanese reluctant to attack head on. ADMIRAL OSKAR VICTOROVICH STARK LEADER The leader of the First Pacific Squadron, Stark was holding a party for his wife on the eve of the battle. Strengths Vast experience from the Russo-Turkish War. Weakness Underestimated the Japanese capabilities. 03 Overnight assault A surprise attack is launched that night with no formal declaration of war. The Japanese fleet advances into the harbour, ensuring they are out of range of the onshore batteries. A Russian patrol spots the enemy vessels and speeds back to inform command. Upon receiving the news, Oskar Victorovich Stark orders his troops not to fire, as war has not formally been declared. The Japanese are in no mood to hold back. 06 PROTECTED CRUISER KEY UNIT German built, the 3,000-ton reconnaissance cruiser was one of the fastest of its kind in the world. Strengths Faster than most other ships and heavily equipped. Weakness Its armour wasn’t the strongest available. 01 04 66 120MM GUN KEY WEAPON Novik had six of these guns that had the power to blast the Japanese out of the water. Strengths Shells could be loaded and fired in quick succession Weakness Prone to burst barrels. An inefficient attack 04 Back in Japanese ranks, confusion from the Russians discovering the fleet means two Japanese destroyers collide with each other while three others lose communications. Despite this blunder, the torpedoes are launched into the Russian ships and Tsarevich, Retvizan, and Pallada all take hits. Job seemingly done, the Japanese retreat back into the dead of night. The next day 05 Admiral Dewa is tasked with assessing the overnight damage. Sailing close to the port, the lack of Russian response causes him to confidently state that the Russian navy and shoreline defences are spent and Tōgō’s forces should advance imminently and crush the enemy while it is reeling. Tōgō listens to his fellow admiral, and although he has reservations about engaging the Russians so close to land, an attack is called.
Battle of Port Arthur Start of the war 10After 40 minutes, the skirmish is over. 90 Japanese mariners have been killed or wounded, while the Russians record 150 casualties. Novik is repaired and both Dewa and Tōgō live to fight another day. This isn’t to be the last bloodshed seen at Port Arthur in the Russo-Japanese War. Hasty retreat 09 The Japanese score morebighitsonseveralRussian battleships but return fire forces Tōgō’s hand. After more vessels begin to take damage, he fears a trapandordersafullreverse.The shipsarepoundedbytheshore batteryduringthismanoeuvrebut escape to fight another day. Imperial Japanese Navy BATTLESHIPS 6 CRUISERS 5 02 10 Novik and Mikasa 08 Densesmogfromthesmoke ofthegunsengulfsthebay.Dewapaysfor hispoorcallasashellshattersMikasa’saft bridge, wounding several officers. Buoyed by this success, the Russians become more careless and the cruiser Novik steams forwardandunleashesatorpedosalvo. Incredibly,alltheunderwatermissilesmiss theirtargetandNovikpaysforthiswitha bighitthatforcesittoretreat. ADMIRAL HEIHACHIRŌ TŌGŌ LEADER TheadmiralrespectedtheRussian navy’s might and fully understood their strengths and weaknesses after careful study. Strengths Navy generals were promoted on merit not social status. Weakness Toomuchfaithin Dewa’s judgement. 07 08 05 06 Unaware of failure Thetroopsarecheeredby news from afar that the Japanese have taken Korea’s capital, Seoul, but word has still not come through from the secondaryattackatDalny.The resultsfromPortArthurare lesssuccessfulwithonlythree torpedoes striking their targets, and the Russians are down – but not out. Unaware of this, Dewamakesanexecutive decision to attack again. 03 09 Meeting of the fleets 07 The Combined Fleet steams in to thebay,causingRussiancruiserBoyarinto scarper at the very sight of the intimidating metalwarlords.Nowonly7,500metresof open water lie between the opposing sides and battle begins, with the Russians benefiting from supportfirefromthecoast. SHIKISHIMA CLASS BATTLESHIPS KEY UNIT SoldtotheJapanesebyBritain, the Combined Fleet had these impressive pre-dreadnought battleshipsatitsdisposal. Strengths Designed and built by the Royal Navy. Weakness Western military techniques only recently adopted. WHITEHEAD TORPEDO KEY WEAPON Designed by English engineer Robert Whitehead, the weapon was the first effective self-propelled naval torpedo. Strengths A popular design used by navies around the world. Weakness First made in 1866 so it was nearly obsolete. © Alamy, Ed Crooks 67
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