Model-Driven Evolution of Software Architectures - Software and ...

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xiv ABBREVIATIONS MDA ModelDrivenArchitecture 1 MDE model-drivenengineering MDR MetadataRepository 2 MOF MetaObjectFacility 3 MOOSE SoftwareEngineeringMethOdOlogieSforEmbeddedSystems 4 OCL ObjectConstraintLanguage 5 OMG ObjectManagementGroup 6 QVT Query/View/Transformation[OMG,2005] SAAM SoftwareArchitectureAnalysisMethod[Kazmanetal.,1996] SEI SoftwareEngineeringInstitute 7 SMC supervisorymachinecontrol SPICE SoftwareProcessImprovementandCapabilitydEtermination[Emametal.,1997] SVG ScalableVectorGraphics 8 UML UnifiedModelingLanguage 9 XMI XMLMetadataInterchange 10 XML ExtensibleMarkupLanguage 11 XSLT ExtensibleStylesheetLanguageTransformations 12 1http://www.omg.org/mda(June2007) 2http://mdr.netbeans.org(June2007) 3http://www.omg.org/mof(June2007) 4http://www.mooseproject.org(June2007) 5http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/modeling_spec_catalog.htm#OCL(June2007) 6http://www.omg.org(June2007) 7http://www.sei.cmu.edu(June2007) 8http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG(June2007) 9http://www.uml.org(June2007) 10http://www.omg.org/mda/specs.htm#XMI(June2007) 11http://www.w3.org/XML(June2007) 12http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt(June2007)
Chapter1 Introduction 1 Mostsoftwarethatisreallyusedisexposedtomanyforcesthatrequire ittochange,suchaschanginguserrequirementsorachangingoperating environment. Asaresultsoftwarechangescontinuously. Thisprocessis calledsoftwareevolution[LehmanandBelady,1985]. When changes are required to a software system, the question is whethertheycanbeimplementedwithintheboundssetbythecurrent architectureorrequirearedesignofthearchitecture. Theformercausestypesofsoftwareevolutionreferredtoasarchitecturaldriftanderosion[PerryandWolf,1992]. Architecturaldriftoccurs whenthecurrentarchitectureisnotwell-understoodbythedevelopersinvolvedinmakingthesesmall-scalechanges.Asaresulttheirchangesarebasedonasoftwarearchitecturethatisdifferentfromtheintendedarchitecture. Architecturalerosioniscausedbyviolationsofthearchitecture. Bothhaveanegativeeffectonthemaintainabilityofsoftware. Eventuallyarchitecturaldriftanderosionmakearedesignofthearchitectureunavoidable.Inthisthesisweconsiderthistypeofsoftwareevolution,thatis,onthelevelofarchitecture.AlthoughwediscusstheconceptsofsoftwarearchitectureextensivelyinChapter2,fornowitsufficestodescribearchitectureasthehigh-levelorglobaldesignofasoftwaresystem.Toillustratetheneedforandimplicationsofarchitecturalchanges,considerthefollowingsituationatASML,acompanythatdevelopsmanufacturingmachinesforthesemiconductorindustry. Anewarchitecturefor thecontrolsoftwareofoneofASML’sproducts,aso-calledwaferscanner (seeFigure1.1onthefollowingpage),isinvestigated[VandenNieuwelaar etal.,2003].Thisarchitectureisbasedongenericreusablesoftwarecomponentsandenablesthe(automatic)generationofapplication-specificparts 1 Thischapterisbasedon:Graaf,Bas. Model-drivenevolutionofsoftwarearchitectures. InProceedingsofthe11 th EuropeanConferenceonSoftwareMaintenanceandReengineering(CSMR2007),pages357–360.IEEEComputerSociety,2007 1
Page 1: Model-DrivenEvolution ofSoftwareArc
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Chapter7 Model-driven Migration of
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7.1. Introduction 131 viewisitsprim
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7.3. MigrationContext 133 requests
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7.3. MigrationContext 135 waferhasb
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7.4. Model-DrivenMigration 137 Sour
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7.5. SourceMetamodel 139 0..1 0..1
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7.5. SourceMetamodel 141 WAIT_MEASU
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7.6. NormalisationRules 143 7.6 Nor
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7.6. NormalisationRules 145 Subsyst
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7.7. TargetMetamodel 147 tworesourc
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7.7. TargetMetamodel 149 > WAIT_FOR
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7.8. Transformation 151 + capabilit
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7.8. Transformation 153 Foreveryele
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7.8. Transformation 155 SystemDefin
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7.8. Transformation 157 rule Resour
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7.8. Transformation 159 rule Condit
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7.9. Evaluation 161 resentedbythesu
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7.9. Evaluation 163 morecomplicated
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7.10. ConclusionsandFutureWork 165
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Chapter8 Visualisation of Domain-Sp
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8.2. Background 169 Inpractice,thee
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8.2. Background 171 Inpracticethear
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8.3. Model-DrivenArchitecturalViews
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8.4. UsingMDAVtoGenerateViews 175 S
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8.4. UsingMDAVtoGenerateViews 177 8
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8.5. IndustrialApplication 181 rule
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8.6. Discussion 185 8.6 Discussion
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8.8. ConcludingRemarks 187 Wherewep
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Chapter9 Conclusion Thegoalofthisth
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9.2. IntegrationinPractice(RQ1) 191
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9.3. SoftwareProductLines(RQ2) 193
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9.4. Model-DrivenEngineering(RQ3) 1
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9.5. SupportforEvolutionofSoftwareA
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206 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bass,Len,PaulCleme
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208 BIBLIOGRAPHY Clements,PaulandLi
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210 BIBLIOGRAPHY Favre,Jean-Marie.
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212 BIBLIOGRAPHY Graaf,Bas,Hylkevan
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214 BIBLIOGRAPHY Klein, Mark H., Ri
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216 BIBLIOGRAPHY Proceedingsofthe6
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218 BIBLIOGRAPHY Shaw,Mary,RobertDe
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220 BIBLIOGRAPHY VanOmmering,Rob,Fr
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222 Summary ellingandtheimportanceo
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Samenvatting Tweebekendewettenindes
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Samenvatting 227 Inmeerderehoofdstu
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TitlesintheIPADissertationSeriessin
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L.Cruz-Filipe. ConstructiveReal Ana
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Sciences, Mathematics, andComputerS
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Processes. Faculty of Electrical En
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