Model-Driven Evolution of Software Architectures - Software and ...

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138 Chapter7. Model-DrivenMigration Finally, variousmodeltransformationlanguagesareavailabletodefine transformations. We defined all transformations in the Atlas Transformation Language[JouaultandKurtev,2005](ATL).AnadvantageofATLisitssyntax, whichissimilartothatoftheObjectConstraintLanguage 1 (OCL). This allowspeoplethathavebeenworkingwiththeUMLmetamodeltounderstandandcreatetransformationruleswithrelativeease. TheactualATL transformationenginereliesontwoimplementationsofMOF:theEclipse ModelingFramework 2 (EMF)andtheMetadataRepository 3 (MDR).TheATL transformationenginecanbeusedincombinationwithMOF-basedmodels andmetamodelsserialisedwithXMLMetadataInterchange 4 (XMI).Asour sourcemetamodelweusedthe MOF-UMLmetamodelavailablefromthe ObjectManagementGroup 5 (OMG)[OMG,2007a].Tocreatesourcemodels, wecansimplyuseaUMLmodellingtoolthatsupportsXMIexport.Forthe targetmetamodelwealsousedEMFasitallowsforautomaticgeneration ofaprimitive,tree-basededitorforanyarbitrarymetamodel. Thiseditor canthenbeusedtoinspecttheresultsofourtransformations. 7.5 SourceMetamodel Inthischapter,weconsiderFSMsasthegivenstartingpointforthemigration. TheuseofFSMsasaparadigmforsupervisorycontrolhasbeen proposedby,forinstance,RamadgeandWonham[1987]. Here,thesetof possiblemachinebehavioursisconsideredtoformalanguage. Adiscrete supervisory FSMissynthesisedthatrestrictsthislanguagebydisabling asubsetofeventstoenforcevalidmachinebehaviour. Thisrequiresthe behaviourinallpossiblestatesforallrequeststobespecifiedexplicitly using(un)conditionalstatetransitionswithassociatedtriggers(events), andeffectsorstateactions(manufacturingactivities). Whenusingthis paradigm,concurrentexecutionistheresultofindependentpartsofconcurrentlyexecutingstatemachinesthatcanoptionallyshareeventstosynchronise. Consequently,multipleFSMsareusedpercontroller(typically oneforeachtypeofrequest). OursourcemodelsarespecifiedusingUMLstatechartdiagrams. The relevantpartofthemetamodelisshowninFigure7.4. Apartfromthis metamodel,the UMLspecificationalsoprovidesalargenumberofwellformednessrules,specifiedinOCL,ofwhichafewarementionedbelow. 1http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/modeling_spec_catalog.htm#OCL(June2007) 2http://www.eclipse.org/emf(June2007) 3http://mdr.netbeans.org(June2007) 4http://www.omg.org/mda/specs.htm#XMI(June2007) 5http://www.omg.org(June2007)
7.5. SourceMetamodel 139 0..1 0..1 Event + trigger StateMachine StateVertex + transitions 0..1 + incoming * + target * + outgoing Transition * * + subvertex + source + top State * 0..1 0..1 + entry 0..1 + exit 0..1 + effect Action + script :ActionExpression Pseudostate + kind :PseudostateKind 0..1 CompositeState Guard + expression :BooleanExpression + isConcurrent :Boolean + guard 0..1 SimpleState FinalState + container Created with Poseidon for UML Community Edition. Not for Commercial Use. Figure 7.4:Sourcemetamodel(excerptfromOMG[2007a]) Usingthismetamodel,UMLstatemachinescanbeconstructedthatmodel behaviourasatraversalofagraphofstatenodesinterconnectedbytransitionarcs. InFigure7.4astatenode,or StateVertex,isthe targetor sourceofany numberof Transitionsandcanbeofdifferenttypes. A Staterepresentsa situationinwhichsomeinvariantoverstatevariablesholds. Inaddition, anoptional entryor exit Actionisexecutedwhenthestateisenteredorexited. ThemetamodeldefinesdifferenttypesofStates.A CompositeStatecontains (owns)anumberofsubstates(subvertex).IfaCompositeStateisconcurrent (isConcurrent)itcontainsatleasttwocompositesubstatesthatexecutein parallel. A SimpleStateisaStatewithoutanysubstates. Executionofan enclosingCompositeStateendswhenaFinalStateisentered. Nexttostatenodesthatdescribeadistinctsituation,themetamodel alsooffersatypeofStateVertexthatmodelsatransientnodeofastate graph: a Pseudostate. Itallowsmodellingofmorecomplex(conditional) transitionpaths. Threetypesofpseudo-states(PseudostateKind)arerelevantforthestatemodelsinthischapter:initial,choice,andjunction.AninitialPseudostateisthedefaultnodeofaCompositeState.AchoicePseu- 0..1
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Model-DrivenEvolution ofSoftwareArc
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Ditproefschriftisgoedgekeurddoordep
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vi Preface Furthermore,Iwanttomenti
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viii Contents 2.4 Model-DrivenEvolu
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x Contents 7.5 SourceMetamodel. ...
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xii ListofFigures 5.7 Examplescenar
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xiv ABBREVIATIONS MDA ModelDrivenAr
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2 Chapter1. Introduction Figure 1.1
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4 Chapter1. Introduction evolutiono
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Chapter2 Background Inthischapterwe
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2.1. SoftwareEvolution 19 ofmainten
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2.3. Model-DrivenEngineering 27 are
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2.3. Model-DrivenEngineering 29 sam
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2.3. Model-DrivenEngineering 33 con
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2.3. Model-DrivenEngineering 35 1mo
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2.3. Model-DrivenEngineering 37 tin
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42 Chapter3. StateofthePractice toc
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44 Chapter3. StateofthePractice Tab
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46 Chapter3. StateofthePractice Fig
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52 Chapter3. StateofthePractice IBM
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56 Chapter3. StateofthePractice des
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58 Chapter4. Evaluation Onestrategy
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60 Chapter4. Evaluation Startingpoi
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64 Chapter4. Evaluation Describe De
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76 Chapter4. Evaluation 4.7 Conclus
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78 Chapter5. Model-DrivenConformanc
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Page 145 and 146: 7.1. Introduction 131 viewisitsprim
Page 147 and 148: 7.3. MigrationContext 133 requests
Page 149 and 150: 7.3. MigrationContext 135 waferhasb
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Page 161 and 162: 7.7. TargetMetamodel 147 tworesourc
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Page 165 and 166: 7.8. Transformation 151 + capabilit
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Page 175 and 176: 7.9. Evaluation 161 resentedbythesu
Page 177 and 178: 7.9. Evaluation 163 morecomplicated
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Chapter9 Conclusion Thegoalofthisth
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9.2. IntegrationinPractice(RQ1) 191
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9.3. SoftwareProductLines(RQ2) 193
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9.5. SupportforEvolutionofSoftwareA
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9.6. FutureWorkandRecommendations 2
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206 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bass,Len,PaulCleme
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208 BIBLIOGRAPHY Clements,PaulandLi
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210 BIBLIOGRAPHY Favre,Jean-Marie.
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212 BIBLIOGRAPHY Graaf,Bas,Hylkevan
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214 BIBLIOGRAPHY Klein, Mark H., Ri
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216 BIBLIOGRAPHY Proceedingsofthe6
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218 BIBLIOGRAPHY Shaw,Mary,RobertDe
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220 BIBLIOGRAPHY VanOmmering,Rob,Fr
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222 Summary ellingandtheimportanceo
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Samenvatting Tweebekendewettenindes
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Samenvatting 227 Inmeerderehoofdstu
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TitlesintheIPADissertationSeriessin
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L.Cruz-Filipe. ConstructiveReal Ana
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Sciences, Mathematics, andComputerS
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Processes. Faculty of Electrical En
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