Model-Driven Evolution of Software Architectures - Software and ...

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132 Chapter7. Model-DrivenMigration 7.2 RelatedWork Theprocessthatweproposeconsidersmigrationasamappingfroma sourcetoatargetview.ThisapproachisinspiredbytheapproachforarchitecturereconstructionasdescribedbyVanDeursenetal.[2004]. There, architecturereconstructionisconsideredtobeamappingfromasource viewthatisextractedfromcodetoanarchitecturaltargetview. OurprocesscanalsobeseenastheapplicationoftheMDAtosoftware migrationratherthantosoftwaredevelopment. IntheMDA,softwaredevelopmentisconceivedasaseriesoftransformationsfromsourcemodelstotargetmodels.Assuch,inbothprocesses,modeltransformationsareappliedbutinourcaseanessentialnormalisationstepisaddedtotheoriginal MDAframework. FahmyandHolt[2000a,b]discussseveraltypesofgenericarchitecture transformationsthatcanbeviewedasgraphtransformations. Inthis chapterweconsiderdomain-specifictransformationsonarchitecturalmodelsthataremorecomplexthantypedgraphs; nexttotypednodes,our modelsalsoincludeattributesonnodesandedges.Moreover,theirtransformations are intended for small, evolutionary changes to a software architecture,whereasthetransformationsasdiscussedinthischapterare drivenbythemigrationtoadifferentarchitecturalparadigm. BoschandMolin[1999]usearchitecturetransformationsduringarchitecturedesigntorealisethenon-functionalqualityrequirementsofasystem.Ofthetransformationtypestheyidentify,theapplicationofanarchitecturalstyleisclosesttoourwork.Tosomeextent,changingthearchitecturalparadigmfromFSMstoTRSs,asconsideredinthischapter,couldbe understoodassuchatransformation. Inourcase,however,thistransformationalsoresultsinaproduct-linearchitecture. Inotherwork,transformationsareappliedtothemigrationofsoftware atthelevelofsourcecode.Baxteretal.[2004]presentatoolkitthatuses generalisedcompilertechnologyforthispurpose. Grayetal.[2004]use thistoolkitformodel-drivenprogramtransformationswhereverticaland horizontaltransformationsareidentified. Here,verticaltransformations concernthecreationofsoftwareartefactsfromartefactsatdifferentabstractionlevels(translation). Applicationofthe MDAtypicallyinvolves verticaltransformations,whereastheyinvestigateitsapplicabilitytohorizontaltransformations.Thearchitecturemigrationwediscusscanalsobe consideredahorizontaltransformation.However,wheretheyfocusonthe sourcecode,weconsidermigrationatthedesignlevel.
7.3. MigrationContext 133 requests 7.3 MigrationContext user supervisory controllers results activities triggers mechatronic subsystems regulative controllers transducers Figure 7.1:Machinecontrolcontext InthissectionwefirstdefinetheSMCcontext.Next,weintroducethemotivatingcaseandrunningexampleforthischapter:atypicalwaferscanner asproduced,forinstance,byASML.Inthissettingwebrieflydiscussthe keyconcernsforSMCsystemsingeneral. Theseconcernsneedtobeaddressedduringarchitecturemigration.Assuch,theyformthebasisforthe designofournormalisationandtransformationrules. 7.3.1 SupervisoryMachineControl ThemachinecontrolcontextisclarifiedinFigure7.1.Fromasupervisory perspective,(sub)frames,transducersandassociatedregulativecontrollers form mechatronic subsystemsthatexecute manufacturing activitiestoaddvalue toproducts.Therecipe-andcustomer-dependentroutingofmulti-product flows,withvaryingoptimisationcriteria,constitutesoneofthekey(supervisory)controlissues.Moreover,advancedmanufacturingmachinesmust respondcorrectlyandreproduciblyto manufacturing requests,run-time events and results. Consequently,tointerpretmanufacturingrequestsandtoensurefeasiblemachinebehaviour,asupervisory machine controlcomponentis requiredtocoordinatetheexecutionofmanufacturingactivities[Ramadge andWonham,1987;SabuncuogluandBayiz,2000;VandenNieuwelaar, 2004]. Inpractice,ahigh-levelmanufacturingrequestistranslatedintovalid low-level machine behaviour using multiple, consecutive control-layers. This is supported by recursive application of the control context from Figure7.1: manufacturingactivitiesofonelevelbecomemanufacturing requestsforthenextleveluntilthelevelofthemechatronicsubsystems.
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Model-DrivenEvolution ofSoftwareArc
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vi Preface Furthermore,Iwanttomenti
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viii Contents 2.4 Model-DrivenEvolu
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xii ListofFigures 5.7 Examplescenar
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xiv ABBREVIATIONS MDA ModelDrivenAr
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2 Chapter1. Introduction Figure 1.1
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2.3. Model-DrivenEngineering 33 con
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2.3. Model-DrivenEngineering 35 1mo
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2.3. Model-DrivenEngineering 37 tin
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42 Chapter3. StateofthePractice toc
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44 Chapter3. StateofthePractice Tab
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46 Chapter3. StateofthePractice Fig
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52 Chapter3. StateofthePractice IBM
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56 Chapter3. StateofthePractice des
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58 Chapter4. Evaluation Onestrategy
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64 Chapter4. Evaluation Describe De
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76 Chapter4. Evaluation 4.7 Conclus
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78 Chapter5. Model-DrivenConformanc
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Page 161 and 162: 7.7. TargetMetamodel 147 tworesourc
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8.6. Discussion 185 8.6 Discussion
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8.8. ConcludingRemarks 187 Wherewep
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Chapter9 Conclusion Thegoalofthisth
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9.2. IntegrationinPractice(RQ1) 191
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9.3. SoftwareProductLines(RQ2) 193
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206 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bass,Len,PaulCleme
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208 BIBLIOGRAPHY Clements,PaulandLi
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210 BIBLIOGRAPHY Favre,Jean-Marie.
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212 BIBLIOGRAPHY Graaf,Bas,Hylkevan
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214 BIBLIOGRAPHY Klein, Mark H., Ri
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216 BIBLIOGRAPHY Proceedingsofthe6
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218 BIBLIOGRAPHY Shaw,Mary,RobertDe
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220 BIBLIOGRAPHY VanOmmering,Rob,Fr
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222 Summary ellingandtheimportanceo
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Samenvatting Tweebekendewettenindes
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Samenvatting 227 Inmeerderehoofdstu
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TitlesintheIPADissertationSeriessin
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L.Cruz-Filipe. ConstructiveReal Ana
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Sciences, Mathematics, andComputerS
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Processes. Faculty of Electrical En
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