The Intelligence Review | volume 1 | issue 2 |

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Much of the work that Dr. Fitsanakis and I do seeks to highlight the work of young scholars in the intelligence studies field. In that spirit, we are very happy to announce our co-edited book, entitled Intelligence Beyond the Anglosphere: Mediterranean and Balkan Regions, which was recently published by RIEAS. Much like The Intelligence Review journal, the book Intelligence Beyond the Anglosphere aims to highlight the contributions of emerging scholars in our field, who work on regions of the world that are under-represented in the specialist literature, or little-understood by experts. The book, therefore, addresses a critical gap in the intelligence literature and presents an exposition and analysis of pressing issues, such as intelligence reform, the relationship between media and the intelligence community, the importance of financial intelligence, the democratization of intelligence agencies, the relationship between the intelligence services and the executive branch, intelligence cooperation within the European Union, as well as the broad historical and cultural factors that shape intelligence practice. This well-written and comprehensive collection of essays provides hard-to-find information and knowledge into a number of rarely discussed case-studies from Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Albania, Greece, Cyprus, Portugal, and many more countries. It is indeed through collaborative projects, such as Intelligence Beyond the Anglosphere, and the present journal, The Intelligence Review, that knowledge in our field of study is constantly reexamined, refined, and reshaped to address the challenges of the 21 st century. I offer my congratulations to the young scholars who worked with Dr. Fitsanakis to produce this excellent compendium. You have set the bar very high for all of us, and I am certain that your future accomplishments in the field will be as exceptional as your work in this volume. Dr. John Nomikos Director, European Intelligence Academy 8
Introduction Dr. Joseph Fitsanakis Assistant Professor, Intelligence and National Security Studies, Coastal Carolina University Deputy Director, European Intelligence Academy Until very recently, academic preoccupation with intelligence was limited, and undertaken almost exclusively in the graduate domain. A few dozen courses were offered in undergraduate programs, usually by liberal arts institutions. These tended to be highly interdisciplinary and led primarily by political scientists and historians. Some historical research into intelligence institutions, or intelligence practitioners and their operations, was undertaken by academics in Europe, the United States and elsewhere. Such research focused largely on case studies from the periods of World War II and the Cold War. In the United States, the first calls to create a systematic intelligence studies curriculum in the undergraduate domain were issued by intelligence practitioners in the 1950s and 1960s (Coulthart and Crosston 2015). By the early 1990s, a few dozen undergraduate courses in intelligence were being offered on a regular basis in Western universities. The first concrete step toward establishing a coherent and comprehensive undergraduate program in intelligence studies was taken in 1992, when Mercyhurst College (today Mercyhurst University) launched the world’s first standalone undergraduate intelligence studies program. The program was designed to produce what its creators called “analytical generalists”, namely graduates who were trained to apply the principles of intelligence analysis to any subject, regardless of topical or regional expertise (Landon-Murray 2013). As can be expected, Mercyhurst’s program shaped decisively the curricular mission of the intelligence studies field as a whole. Founded in 2011, the Intelligence and National Security Studies (INSS) program at Coastal Carolina University follows on the footsteps of that tradition. Its graduates are analytically trained, which means that they are able to utilize their analytical skillset to understand and explore a multitude of complex subjects. The latter range from 9
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