Tajwid - Beautifying the Quran

4 When the back of the tongue rises to touch the backmost part
of the velum (soft palate). This is the Makhraj of ( ) Q\f.
5 When the back of the tongue rises to touch the nearest part of
the velum. This is the Makhraj of ( ) K\f.
The Letters of the Centre of the Mouth
The central part of the mouth provides one Makhraj for three letters.
These letters are known as the Shajriyyah letters. This is because the
wide, middle part of the mouth in Arabic is called the Shajr (wide part).
The letters which relate to this are described as palatal.
6 When the centre-most part of the tongue rises to touch the
(hard) palate. The letters are, ( ) J|m, ( ) Sh|n, and ( ) Y\.
The Letter of the Blade of the Tongue
The blade (or side-edge) of the tongue provides one Makhraj for one
letter. This letter is known as the *\fiyah letter. In English phonetics
the blade of the tongue is called the lamina (anything relating to this is
described as laminal).
7 When the blades (or even a blade - left side is easier) of the
tongue touches the gums of all the upper molars. The letter which
originates in this manner is ( )