Remediation of PAH-Contaminated Soils and Sediments: A ...

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Table 10. Summary table of overview documents, federal and state regulations pertaining to dredge sediment remediation. Year Name Published Dredge Overview Documents and Reviews of Guidelines Summary of Available Guidance and Best Practices for Determining Suitability of Dredged Material for Beneficial Use Testing and Evaluating Dredged Material for Upland Beneficial Uses: A Regional Framework for the Great Lakes Federal Regulations Applying to Dredging Clean Water Act, Section 401 Clean Water Act, Section 404 Weblink 2007 http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/elpubs/pdf/trel07-27.pdf 2004 www.glc.org/dredging/publications 1994 http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/functions/cw/cecwo/reg/sec401.htm 1994 http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/functions/cw/cecwo/reg/sec404.htm Title of Document and Summary ERDC/EL TR-07-27. Review through US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center. Includes information on remediation techniques, beneficial use, and an extensive appendix of SSLs for EPA and several states Review of dredging operation regulations for states in the Great Lakes Region. Also includes soil testing/evaluation, material handling guidelines, case studies, and annotated bibliography 33 USC 1341, Public Law 92-500. Permitting, potential discharges from dredge containments must meet state water quality and upland criteria 33 USC 320-330, Public Law 92- 500. Guidance for regulation of leachates, discharge of dredge sediments into lakes, rivers or wetlands. Does not apply to upland placement 70
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) Endangered Species Act (ESA) 1972 http://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/lzma.html 1980 http://www.epa.gov/superfund/policy/cercla.htm 1973 http://www.fws.gov/endangered/whatwedo.html Preserve, protect, develop and restore coastal natural resources Also known as Superfund, designed to respond to situations involving abandoned hazardous waste disposal sites both in short- and long-term situations. Though this is not dredge specific, some state use guidelines for dredge sediments guided by CERCLA Requires assurance endangered species will not be impacted by activities, in this case, dredging Fish and Wildlife Act 1956 http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/fwact.html Protects fish, shellfish and wildlife Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Rivers and Harbors Act (RHA) 1972 http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/mprsa/index.htm 1969 http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/policies/nepa/ 1976 http://www.epa.gov/osw/laws-reg.htm 1899 http://www.usace.army.mil/cw/cecwo/reg/rhsec10.htm Also known as the Ocean Dumping Act, which prohibits the dumping of material into the ocean that would endanger human health or degrade marine environments Requires federal agencies to consider environmental values in decision making process Governs disposal of solid and hazardous wastes Required all work in navigable waters to be permitted 71
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Remediation of PAH-Contaminated Soi
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Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydroc
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soil is the primary environmental r
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Solubility Solubility of PAH compou
Page 9 and 10:
Figure 1. Structures of US EPA’s
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� If you were to add 2 benzene ri
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and their mutagenic and carcinogeni
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PAH in humans The carcinogenicity o
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persist in the soil (Alexander, 199
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3. Relative PAH concentratio
Page 21 and 22: the gas phase was attributed to tem
Page 23 and 24: increasing rainfall intensity or wi
Page 25 and 26: in contaminated soils than uncontam
Page 27 and 28: Ideal biodegradation of PAHs, where
Page 29 and 30: Figure 5. Aerobic degradation of PA
Page 31 and 32: Cometabolism is explained by three
Page 33 and 34: donate electrons. The redox potenti
Page 35 and 36: 1. Fenton’s reagent - formation o
Page 37 and 38: Figure 7. Schematic of integrated e
Page 39 and 40: Figure 8. Possible mechanism for di
Page 41 and 42: Freundlich adsorption equation: x/m
Page 43 and 44: Diffusion: Weber et al. (1992), Web
Page 45 and 46: Biological Techniques for Enhancing
Page 47 and 48: oot extract resulted in continuous
Page 49 and 50: Composting Composting is a form of
Page 51 and 52: The addition of inorganic nutrients
Page 53 and 54: � Yu et al. (2006) found no effec
Page 55 and 56: Carrot Daucus carota Wild and Jones
Page 57 and 58: Surfactants Mass transfer of PAH co
Page 59 and 60: � Straube et al. (2003) showed th
Page 61 and 62: encountered with biodegradation, an
Page 63 and 64: volatilization of some compounds, s
Page 65 and 66: Regulatory Framework Dredged materi
Page 67 and 68: transition phase between slurried s
Page 69: In addition to equation manipulatio
Page 73 and 74: EPA Region V NA http://www.epa.gov/
Page 75 and 76: Indiana Department of Environmental
Page 77 and 78: New York State Department of Enviro
Page 79 and 80: Analytical Methods The following is
Page 81 and 82: Sample Cleanup After extraction, cl
Page 83 and 84: Table 13. Detection limits for cert
Page 85 and 86: Citations Accardi-Dey, A., and P.M.
Page 87 and 88: Cerniglia, C.E., and D.T. Gibson. 1
Page 89 and 90: EPA. 2008. Integrated Risk Informat
Page 91 and 92: Harmsen, J. 2007. Measuring bioavai
Page 93 and 94: Kelsey, J.W., B.D. Kottler, and M.
Page 95 and 96: Mackay, D., and D. Callcott. 1998.
Page 97 and 98: O’Mahony, M., A. Dobson, J. Barne
Page 99 and 100: Saison, C., C. Perrin-Ganier, M. Sc
Page 101 and 102: Vessigaud, S., C Perrin-Ganier, L.
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