Remediation of PAH-Contaminated Soils and Sediments: A ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Virginia Department of Environmental Quality Washington State Department of Ecology 2006 http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/remediation/rrr.html 2008, updated webpage http://www.deq.virginia.gov/vrprisk/raguide.html 1989 http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/9406.pdf Not specific to dredge sediments, Risk Reduction Rule, Title 30, Texas Administrative Code Chapter 335, Subchapter S. Sets forth requirements for risk reduction standards for undertaking of remediation. Referenced in Texas dredge documents Not specific to dredge sediments. Voluntary Remediation Program, Risk Assessment Guidance. Tiers I and II have unrestricted use, Tier III is restricted use. SSLs are based on EPA Region III Risk Based Concentrations and EPA Soil Screening Level Guidance. Recognize that background levels (such as those for Arsenic) may exceed SSLs and suggest site specific measurements to make adjustments. SSLs for noncarcinogenic material are determined by dividing the EPA Region III Risk Based Concentration by 10 Not specific to dredge sediments. Model Toxics Control Act Statute and Regulation (MTCA). Regulates cleanup of superfund sites as well as hazardous waste disposal, site specific, unrestricted use and industrial use SSLs 1 The following coastal states were searched, but regulations were not clear and/or not stated to apply to dredge material: Alabama, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, and Wisconsin. 2 The statement, “not specific to dredge sediments” means that the document referenced was referred to for management and regulation of dredge sediments, but was not created specifically for the management and regulation of dredge sediments. 78
Analytical Methods The following is a summary of the different methods in the EPA SW-846 manual (EPA, 2007) used for the extraction, cleanup, and analysis of PAHs. Sample handling Recommendations on sample handling from EPA (2007) (Table 11): � Stock standard solutions should be stored in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-sealed containers at 4 C or below. � Containers used to collect samples for the determination of semivolatile organic compounds should be of glass or Teflon, and have screw-caps with Teflon lined septa. Plastic containers or lids may not be used for the storage of samples due to the possibility of sample contamination from the phthalate esters and other hydrocarbons within the plastic. � Sample containers should be soap and water washed followed by methanol (or isopropanol) rinsing. � A surrogate should be added to each sample, blank, laboratory control sample (LCS), and matrix spike sample just prior to extraction or processing to monitor for unusual matrix effects, gross sample processing errors, etc. Recommended surrogates: � For EPA 8100 (GC): 2-Fluorobiphenyl (also recommended for EPA 8270), and 1-Fluoronaphthalene. � For EPA 8310 (HPLC): Decafluorobiphenyl. 79
Page 1 and 2:
Remediation of PAH-Contaminated Soi
Page 3 and 4:
Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydroc
Page 5 and 6:
soil is the primary environmental r
Page 7 and 8:
Solubility Solubility of PAH compou
Page 9 and 10:
Figure 1. Structures of US EPA’s
Page 11 and 12:
� If you were to add 2 benzene ri
Page 13 and 14:
and their mutagenic and carcinogeni
Page 15 and 16:
PAH in humans The carcinogenicity o
Page 17 and 18:
persist in the soil (Alexander, 199
Page 19 and 20:
Figure 3. Relative PAH concentratio
Page 21 and 22:
the gas phase was attributed to tem
Page 23 and 24:
increasing rainfall intensity or wi
Page 25 and 26:
in contaminated soils than uncontam
Page 27 and 28: Ideal biodegradation of PAHs, where
Page 29 and 30: Figure 5. Aerobic degradation of PA
Page 31 and 32: Cometabolism is explained by three
Page 33 and 34: donate electrons. The redox potenti
Page 35 and 36: 1. Fenton’s reagent - formation o
Page 37 and 38: Figure 7. Schematic of integrated e
Page 39 and 40: Figure 8. Possible mechanism for di
Page 41 and 42: Freundlich adsorption equation: x/m
Page 43 and 44: Diffusion: Weber et al. (1992), Web
Page 45 and 46: Biological Techniques for Enhancing
Page 47 and 48: oot extract resulted in continuous
Page 49 and 50: Composting Composting is a form of
Page 51 and 52: The addition of inorganic nutrients
Page 53 and 54: � Yu et al. (2006) found no effec
Page 55 and 56: Carrot Daucus carota Wild and Jones
Page 57 and 58: Surfactants Mass transfer of PAH co
Page 59 and 60: � Straube et al. (2003) showed th
Page 61 and 62: encountered with biodegradation, an
Page 63 and 64: volatilization of some compounds, s
Page 65 and 66: Regulatory Framework Dredged materi
Page 67 and 68: transition phase between slurried s
Page 69 and 70: In addition to equation manipulatio
Page 71 and 72: Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA)
Page 73 and 74: EPA Region V NA http://www.epa.gov/
Page 75 and 76: Indiana Department of Environmental
Page 77: New York State Department of Enviro
Page 81 and 82: Sample Cleanup After extraction, cl
Page 83 and 84: Table 13. Detection limits for cert
Page 85 and 86: Citations Accardi-Dey, A., and P.M.
Page 87 and 88: Cerniglia, C.E., and D.T. Gibson. 1
Page 89 and 90: EPA. 2008. Integrated Risk Informat
Page 91 and 92: Harmsen, J. 2007. Measuring bioavai
Page 93 and 94: Kelsey, J.W., B.D. Kottler, and M.
Page 95 and 96: Mackay, D., and D. Callcott. 1998.
Page 97 and 98: O’Mahony, M., A. Dobson, J. Barne
Page 99 and 100: Saison, C., C. Perrin-Ganier, M. Sc
Page 101 and 102: Vessigaud, S., C Perrin-Ganier, L.
show all

Remediation of PAH-Contaminated Soils and Sediments: A ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?