Capillary columns usually generally provide more complete separation <strong>of</strong> the analytes <strong>of</strong> interest, while packed columns are most appropriately employed when the list <strong>of</strong> analytes to be determined is relatively short. However, the packed column GC method cannot adequately resolve the following four pairs <strong>of</strong> compounds: 1. anthracene <strong>and</strong> phenanthrene 2. chrysene <strong>and</strong> benz[a]anthracene 3. benzo[b]fluoranthene <strong>and</strong> benzo[k]fluoranthene 4. dibenz[a,h]anthracene <strong>and</strong> indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene. The use <strong>of</strong> a capillary column instead <strong>of</strong> the packed column, may adequately resolve these <strong>PAH</strong>. However, unless the purpose <strong>of</strong> the analysis can be served by reporting a quantitative sum for an unresolved <strong>PAH</strong> pair, either liquid chromatography (Method 8310) or gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (Method 8270) should be used for these compounds. See Table 12 for recommened methods <strong>and</strong> Table 13 for detection limits. Table 12. Recommended analytical methods for specific <strong>PAH</strong> compounds (EPA, 2007). Compound Determinative Methods Acenaphthene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310, 8410 Acenaphthylene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310, 8410 Anthracene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310, 8410 Benz[a]anthracene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310, 8410 Benzo[b]fluoranthene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310 Benzo[j]fluoranthene 8100 Benzo[k]fluoranthene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310 Benzo[g,h,i]perylene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310 Benzo[a]pyrene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310, 8410 Chrysene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310, 8410 Dibenz[a,h]anthracene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310 Fluoranthene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310, 8410 Fluorene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310, 8410 Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310 Naphthalene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310, 8410 Phenanthrene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310, 8410 Pyrene 8100, 8270, 8275, 8310, 8410 82
Table 13. Detection limits for certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (EPA, 2007). Compound Detection Limit (µg L -1 ) UV Fluorescence Naphthalene 1.8 Acenaphthylene 2.3 Acenaphthene 1.8 Fluorene 0.21 Phenanthrene 0.64 Anthracene 0.66 Fluoranthene 0.21 Pyrene 0.27 Benz[a]anthracene 0.013 Chrysene 0.15 Benzo[b]fluoranthene 0.018 Benzo[k]fluoranthene 0.017 Benzo[a]pyrene 0.023 Dibenz[a,h]anthracene 0.030 Benzo[g,h,i]perylene 0.076 Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene 0.043 83
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Remediation of PAH-Contaminated Soi
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Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydroc
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soil is the primary environmental r
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Solubility Solubility of PAH compou
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Figure 1. Structures of US EPA’s
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� If you were to add 2 benzene ri
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and their mutagenic and carcinogeni
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PAH in humans The carcinogenicity o
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persist in the soil (Alexander, 199
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Figure 3. Relative PAH concentratio
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the gas phase was attributed to tem
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increasing rainfall intensity or wi
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in contaminated soils than uncontam
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Ideal biodegradation of PAHs, where
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Figure 5. Aerobic degradation of PA
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- Page 85 and 86: Citations Accardi-Dey, A., and P.M.
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- Page 89 and 90: EPA. 2008. Integrated Risk Informat
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- Page 95 and 96: Mackay, D., and D. Callcott. 1998.
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