Remediation of PAH-Contaminated Soils and Sediments: A ...

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Vapor pressure Vapor pressure defines the point at which PAHs in the solid state either evaporate into a gaseous form or condense back to a solid state. The higher the vapor pressure (at normal temperatures), the more volatile the compound is. Naphthalene (11.866 Pa) and is more volatile and would readily evaporate more rapidly than dibenz[a,h]anthracene (2.80 x 10 −9 Pa) at normal temperatures (Mackay and Callcott, 1998). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon vapor pressures are important for determining risk associated with dredge sediments, transfer between two resources (soil and air) as well as field sampling and lab safety. Vapor pressures of select PAH are presented in Table 1. Priority PAH The U.S. EPA has placed 16 PAH compounds on the Priority Pollutant List created under the Clean Water Act (Table 1). Pollutants are chosen for this list because of potential for toxicity and frequency of occurrence in hazardous waste. Seven of these 16 PAHs are considered to be possible or probable carcinogens (ATSDR, 1995). Diagrams of molecular structures of these PAHs can be found in Figure 1. 8
Figure 1. Structures of US EPA’s 16 priority pollutant PAH (Lundstedt, 2003). 9
Page 1 and 2: Remediation of PAH-Contaminated Soi
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydroc
Page 5 and 6: soil is the primary environmental r
Page 7: Solubility Solubility of PAH compou
Page 11 and 12: � If you were to add 2 benzene ri
Page 13 and 14: and their mutagenic and carcinogeni
Page 15 and 16: PAH in humans The carcinogenicity o
Page 17 and 18: persist in the soil (Alexander, 199
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3. Relative PAH concentratio
Page 21 and 22: the gas phase was attributed to tem
Page 23 and 24: increasing rainfall intensity or wi
Page 25 and 26: in contaminated soils than uncontam
Page 27 and 28: Ideal biodegradation of PAHs, where
Page 29 and 30: Figure 5. Aerobic degradation of PA
Page 31 and 32: Cometabolism is explained by three
Page 33 and 34: donate electrons. The redox potenti
Page 35 and 36: 1. Fenton’s reagent - formation o
Page 37 and 38: Figure 7. Schematic of integrated e
Page 39 and 40: Figure 8. Possible mechanism for di
Page 41 and 42: Freundlich adsorption equation: x/m
Page 43 and 44: Diffusion: Weber et al. (1992), Web
Page 45 and 46: Biological Techniques for Enhancing
Page 47 and 48: oot extract resulted in continuous
Page 49 and 50: Composting Composting is a form of
Page 51 and 52: The addition of inorganic nutrients
Page 53 and 54: � Yu et al. (2006) found no effec
Page 55 and 56: Carrot Daucus carota Wild and Jones
Page 57 and 58: Surfactants Mass transfer of PAH co
Page 59 and 60:
� Straube et al. (2003) showed th
Page 61 and 62:
encountered with biodegradation, an
Page 63 and 64:
volatilization of some compounds, s
Page 65 and 66:
Regulatory Framework Dredged materi
Page 67 and 68:
transition phase between slurried s
Page 69 and 70:
In addition to equation manipulatio
Page 71 and 72:
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA)
Page 73 and 74:
EPA Region V NA http://www.epa.gov/
Page 75 and 76:
Indiana Department of Environmental
Page 77 and 78:
New York State Department of Enviro
Page 79 and 80:
Analytical Methods The following is
Page 81 and 82:
Sample Cleanup After extraction, cl
Page 83 and 84:
Table 13. Detection limits for cert
Page 85 and 86:
Citations Accardi-Dey, A., and P.M.
Page 87 and 88:
Cerniglia, C.E., and D.T. Gibson. 1
Page 89 and 90:
EPA. 2008. Integrated Risk Informat
Page 91 and 92:
Harmsen, J. 2007. Measuring bioavai
Page 93 and 94:
Kelsey, J.W., B.D. Kottler, and M.
Page 95 and 96:
Mackay, D., and D. Callcott. 1998.
Page 97 and 98:
O’Mahony, M., A. Dobson, J. Barne
Page 99 and 100:
Saison, C., C. Perrin-Ganier, M. Sc
Page 101 and 102:
Vessigaud, S., C Perrin-Ganier, L.
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Remediation of PAH-Contaminated Soils and Sediments: A ...

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