Oceans of noise - Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Available at: http://www.unep.ch/seas/main/persga/convtext.html Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region (“Noumea Convention”) See: http://sedac.ciesin.org/pidb/texts/natural.resources.south.pacific.1986.html Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South-East Pacific (“Lima Convention”) Available at: Error! Bookmark not defined. Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region (“Abidjan Convention”) Available at: Error! Bookmark not defined. Convention for Cooperation in the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Northeast Pacific Available at: http://www.unep.ch/seas/main/nep/nepconve.html 129 1986 1990 1981 1986 1981 1984 2002 not yet
Appendix C - Selected provisions of regional seas treaties Treaty Provision (emphasis added) OSPAR Convention Article 5 Pollution from offshore sources The Contracting Parties shall take, individually and jointly, all possible steps to prevent and eliminate pollution from offshore sources in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, in particular as provided for in Annex III. Article 1 Definitions For the purposes of the Convention: [...] (j) “Offshore activities” means activities carried out in the maritime area for the purposes of the exploration, appraisal or exploitation of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. (k) “Offshore sources” means offshore installations and offshore pipelines from which substances or energy reach the maritime area. (l) “Offshore installation” means any man-made structure, plant or vessel or parts thereof, whether floating or fixed to the seabed, placed within the maritime area for the purpose of offshore activities. (m) “Offshore pipeline” means any pipeline which has been placed in the maritime area for the purpose of offshore activities. [...] Helsinki Convention Article 12 Exploration and exploitation of the seabed and its subsoil 1. Each Contracting Party shall take all measures in order to prevent pollution of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea Area resulting from exploration or exploitation of its part of the seabed and the subsoil thereof or from any associated activities thereon as well as to ensure that adequate preparedness is maintained for immediate response actions against pollution incidents caused by such activities. 2. In order to prevent and eliminate pollution from such activities the Contracting Parties undertake to implement the procedures and measures set out in Annex VI, as far as they are applicable. 130
Page 1 and 2:
Oceans of noise A WDCS Science repo
Page 3 and 4:
Contents Author biographies 4 Prefa
Page 5 and 6:
Author biographies Sarah Dolman Sar
Page 7 and 8:
Preface Over the course of the last
Page 9 and 10:
some thoughts on the mitigation and
Page 11 and 12:
1. Introduction Lindy Weilgart The
Page 13 and 14:
2. The physics of underwater sound
Page 15 and 16:
Box 1. Characteristics of sound / l
Page 17 and 18:
Box 2. The effects of temperature,
Page 19 and 20:
Intensity The intensity of a sound
Page 21 and 22:
For water, pref = 1µPa rms, _ = 1x
Page 23 and 24:
2.2. Types of sound source Sounds c
Page 25 and 26:
Cylindrical spreading loss Cylindri
Page 27 and 28:
Rain - - - - - - - - - 100-500 - Bi
Page 29 and 30:
Energy source (Air gun array) 28 Se
Page 31 and 32:
driving and pipe-laying (installati
Page 33 and 34:
produced as the bubble collapses an
Page 35 and 36:
and broadband noise sources decayed
Page 37 and 38:
cetaceans to high levels of acousti
Page 39 and 40:
Navigation (transponders) 38 7-60 1
Page 41 and 42:
SONAR TYPE FREQUENCY RANGE AV. SOUR
Page 43 and 44:
them from approaching fish farm cag
Page 45 and 46:
3.11. Research 3.11.1. Controlled E
Page 47 and 48:
frequencies). These sound channels
Page 49 and 50:
4.3.6. Danger avoidance Many verteb
Page 51 and 52:
Table 4.1. Summary of sound frequen
Page 53 and 54:
Table 4.2. Summary of sound frequen
Page 55 and 56:
5. Noise as a problem for cetaceans
Page 57 and 58:
Increased vulnerability to disease
Page 59 and 60:
levels exceed the ear’s tolerance
Page 61 and 62:
5.6 A New Concern: Is noise causing
Page 63 and 64:
stranding incident suggests that th
Page 65 and 66:
The only cetaceans listed in Annex
Page 67 and 68:
6.4 The US Marine Mammal Protection
Page 69 and 70:
7. Solutions - mitigation and manag
Page 71 and 72:
2. More targeted studies into each
Page 73 and 74:
Noise pollution also needs to be co
Page 75 and 76:
ange. Therefore prey must be closer
Page 77 and 78:
identification of images collected.
Page 79 and 80: Pierson et al. (1998) indicated a m
Page 81 and 82: Baur, D.C., M.J. Bean, M.L. Gosline
Page 83 and 84: Cummings, W.C., Thompson, P.O. and
Page 85 and 86: Gedamke, J., Costa, D., Dunstan, A.
Page 87 and 88: Lagadere, J.P. 1982. Effects of noi
Page 89 and 90: National Research Council. 2000. Ma
Page 91 and 92: Sayigh, L.S., Tyack, P.L., Wells, R
Page 93 and 94: Todd, S., Lien, J. and Verhulst, A.
Page 95 and 96: December 1989, Pacific Grove, Calif
Page 97 and 98: consider just the definition of pol
Page 99 and 100: This evidence therefore suggests th
Page 101 and 102: jurisdiction (“the UNEP Conclusio
Page 103 and 104: Designation of Particularly Sensiti
Page 105 and 106: inter alia, internal waters, the te
Page 107 and 108: ief framework provision on pollutio
Page 109 and 110: definitions are located in the anne
Page 111 and 112: Questions arise as to the identity
Page 113 and 114: opportunity for, or a hurdle to, ad
Page 115 and 116: 145 LOSC in respect of polymetallic
Page 117 and 118: Seabed Authority) has been establis
Page 119 and 120: One possibility is the adoption by
Page 121 and 122: Identification and Designation of P
Page 123 and 124: Provisions on Ships’ Routeing to
Page 125 and 126: 4. Conclusion This paper has analys
Page 127 and 128: Instruments adopted under Bonn Conv
Page 129: Appendix B - Treaties underlying re
Page 133 and 134: abate, combat pollution of the Medi
Page 135 and 136: Annex 2. Guidelines for commercial
Page 137 and 138: 1. Any commercial cetacean-watching
Page 139 and 140: Annex 3. Documented examples of cet
Page 141 and 142: Location: Sarasota, Florida, USA Pr
Page 143 and 144: Beluga whales, Delphinapterus leuca
Page 145 and 146: These results may indicate habituat
Page 147 and 148: Location: Northwest Atlantic Northe
Page 149 and 150: The dolphins started to display eva
Page 151 and 152: Boats that approached within 30m or
Page 153 and 154: Location: Hawaii On rare occasions
Page 155 and 156: Location: Beaufort Sea Aversion beh
Page 157 and 158: Location: Mexico Gray whale vocal b
Page 159 and 160: If boats changed their speed or cou
Page 161 and 162: Corkeron, P.J. 1990. Aspects of the
Page 163 and 164: Kibal’chich, A.A., Dzhamanov, G.A
Page 165 and 166: ates of fin whales, Balaenoptera ph
Page 167 and 168: Annex 4. A note of the Recommendati
Page 169: 4. the inclusion of anthropogenic n
show all

Oceans of noise - Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?