Oceans of noise - Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society

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Oceans of noise A WDCS Science repo
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Contents Author biographies 4 Prefa
Page 5 and 6:
Author biographies Sarah Dolman Sar
Page 7 and 8:
Preface Over the course of the last
Page 9 and 10:
some thoughts on the mitigation and
Page 11 and 12:
1. Introduction Lindy Weilgart The
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2. The physics of underwater sound
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Box 1. Characteristics of sound / l
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Box 2. The effects of temperature,
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Intensity The intensity of a sound
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For water, pref = 1µPa rms, _ = 1x
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2.2. Types of sound source Sounds c
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Cylindrical spreading loss Cylindri
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Rain - - - - - - - - - 100-500 - Bi
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Energy source (Air gun array) 28 Se
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driving and pipe-laying (installati
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produced as the bubble collapses an
Page 35 and 36: and broadband noise sources decayed
Page 37 and 38: cetaceans to high levels of acousti
Page 39 and 40: Navigation (transponders) 38 7-60 1
Page 41 and 42: SONAR TYPE FREQUENCY RANGE AV. SOUR
Page 43 and 44: them from approaching fish farm cag
Page 45 and 46: 3.11. Research 3.11.1. Controlled E
Page 47 and 48: frequencies). These sound channels
Page 49 and 50: 4.3.6. Danger avoidance Many verteb
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.1. Summary of sound frequen
Page 53 and 54: Table 4.2. Summary of sound frequen
Page 55 and 56: 5. Noise as a problem for cetaceans
Page 57 and 58: Increased vulnerability to disease
Page 59 and 60: levels exceed the ear’s tolerance
Page 61 and 62: 5.6 A New Concern: Is noise causing
Page 63 and 64: stranding incident suggests that th
Page 65 and 66: The only cetaceans listed in Annex
Page 67 and 68: 6.4 The US Marine Mammal Protection
Page 69 and 70: 7. Solutions - mitigation and manag
Page 71 and 72: 2. More targeted studies into each
Page 73 and 74: Noise pollution also needs to be co
Page 75 and 76: ange. Therefore prey must be closer
Page 77 and 78: identification of images collected.
Page 79 and 80: Pierson et al. (1998) indicated a m
Page 81 and 82: Baur, D.C., M.J. Bean, M.L. Gosline
Page 83 and 84: Cummings, W.C., Thompson, P.O. and
Page 85: Gedamke, J., Costa, D., Dunstan, A.
Page 89 and 90: National Research Council. 2000. Ma
Page 91 and 92: Sayigh, L.S., Tyack, P.L., Wells, R
Page 93 and 94: Todd, S., Lien, J. and Verhulst, A.
Page 95 and 96: December 1989, Pacific Grove, Calif
Page 97 and 98: consider just the definition of pol
Page 99 and 100: This evidence therefore suggests th
Page 101 and 102: jurisdiction (“the UNEP Conclusio
Page 103 and 104: Designation of Particularly Sensiti
Page 105 and 106: inter alia, internal waters, the te
Page 107 and 108: ief framework provision on pollutio
Page 109 and 110: definitions are located in the anne
Page 111 and 112: Questions arise as to the identity
Page 113 and 114: opportunity for, or a hurdle to, ad
Page 115 and 116: 145 LOSC in respect of polymetallic
Page 117 and 118: Seabed Authority) has been establis
Page 119 and 120: One possibility is the adoption by
Page 121 and 122: Identification and Designation of P
Page 123 and 124: Provisions on Ships’ Routeing to
Page 125 and 126: 4. Conclusion This paper has analys
Page 127 and 128: Instruments adopted under Bonn Conv
Page 129 and 130: Appendix B - Treaties underlying re
Page 131 and 132: Appendix C - Selected provisions of
Page 133 and 134: abate, combat pollution of the Medi
Page 135 and 136: Annex 2. Guidelines for commercial
Page 137 and 138:
1. Any commercial cetacean-watching
Page 139 and 140:
Annex 3. Documented examples of cet
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Location: Sarasota, Florida, USA Pr
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Beluga whales, Delphinapterus leuca
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These results may indicate habituat
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Location: Northwest Atlantic Northe
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The dolphins started to display eva
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Boats that approached within 30m or
Page 153 and 154:
Location: Hawaii On rare occasions
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Location: Beaufort Sea Aversion beh
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Location: Mexico Gray whale vocal b
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If boats changed their speed or cou
Page 161 and 162:
Corkeron, P.J. 1990. Aspects of the
Page 163 and 164:
Kibal’chich, A.A., Dzhamanov, G.A
Page 165 and 166:
ates of fin whales, Balaenoptera ph
Page 167 and 168:
Annex 4. A note of the Recommendati
Page 169:
4. the inclusion of anthropogenic n
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