INTRODUCED MARINE SPECIES IN PAGO ... - Bishop Museum

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organisms already established in the harbor. These preventative measures are the most feasible procedures to implement for maintaining the present low levels of introduced marine species in the harbors and on the coral reefs of American Samoa. 21
VII. REFERENCES AECOS Inc. 1991. A preliminary toxics scan of water, sediment and fish tissues from inner Pago Pago Harbor in American Samoa. Prepared for the Government of American Samoa, Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, American Samoa EPA and American Samoa Coastal Management Program, Honolulu. Bax, N., J. T. Carlton, A. Mathews-Amos, R. L. Haedrich, F. G. Howarth, J. E. Purcell, J. E. Rieser, and A. Gray. 2001. The control of biological invasions in the world's oceans. Conserv. Biol. 15:1234-1246. Bax, N., K. Hayes, A. Marshall, D. Parry, and R. Thresher. 2002. Man-made marinas as shelters for alien marine organisms: establishment and eradication of an alien invasive marine species. Pages 26-39 in C. R. Veitch and M. N. Clout, editors. Turning the Tide: the Eradication of Invasive Species. Proceedings of the International Conference on Eradication of Island Invasives. ICUN. Birkeland, C., R. Randall, R. Wass, B. Smith, and S. Wilkens. 1987. Biological resource assessment of the Fagatele Bay Marine Sanctuary. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS MEMD 3, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D.C. Carlton, J. T., and L. G. Eldredge. In prep. Introduced and cryptogenic marine and brackish water invertebrates of the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Cary, L. R. 1931. Studies on the coral reefs of Tutuila, American Samoa, with special reference to the Alcyonaria. Carnegie Inst. , Wash . D.C. Publ. 413, Pap .Tortugas Lab. 27:53-98. Chapman, J. W., and J. T. Carlton. 1991. A test of criteria for introduced species: the global invasion by the isopod Synidotea laevidorsalis (Miers, 1881). J. Crustacean Biol. 11:386- 400. Coles, S. L., R. C. DeFelice, L. G. Eldredge, and J. T. Carlton. 1997. Biodiversity of marine communities in Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu , Hawai‘i with observations on introduced species. Tech. Rep. No. 10, Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Coles, S. L., R. C. DeFelice, J. E. Smith, and L. G. Eldredge. 1998. Determination of baseline conditions for introduced marine species in nearshore waters of the island of Kaho'olawe, Hawai‘i. Tech. Rep. No. 14, Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Coles, S. L., R. C. DeFelice, L. G. Eldredge, and J. T. Carlton. 1999a. Historical and recent introductions to non-indigenous marine species into Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu , Hawaiian Islands. Mar. Biol. 135:1247-1158. Coles, S. L., R. C. DeFelice, and L. G. Eldredge. 1999b. Nonindigenous marine species introductions in the harbors of the south and west shores of O‘ahu , Hawai‘i. Tech. Rep. No. 15, Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Coles, S. L., R. C. DeFelice, and D. Minton. 2001. Marine species survey of Johnston Atoll June 2000. Bishop Museum Tech. Rep. 19, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Area Office, Honolulu. Coles, S. L., and L. G. Eldredge. 2002. Nonindigenous species introductions on coral reefs: a need for information. Pac. Sci. 56:191-209. 22
Page 1 and 2: INTRODUCED MARINE SPECIES IN PAGO P
Page 3 and 4: INTRODUCED MARINE SPECIES IN PAGO P
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The biological co
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF APPENDICES iii Page APPENDI
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Tutui
Page 11 and 12: coral and reef growth, especially i
Page 13 and 14: II. METHODS A. Literature Search A
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. Locations, dates, coordina
Page 17 and 18: and caves and is mostly barren of c
Page 19 and 20: Station 10. Fagasa Bay 16-Oct-02 (L
Page 21 and 22: anging from 68% of the total at Vat
Page 23 and 24: Figure 3. Distributions of numbers
Page 25 and 26: Table 5. Nonindigenous and cryptoge
Page 27 and 28: distributions of total taxa at the
Page 29: the total biota in these two embaym
Page 33 and 34: Maragos, J. E., C. L. Hunter, and K
Page 35 and 36: VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study wa
Page 37 and 38: A. Mycale sp. Sponge , Station 4, M
Page 39 and 40: Skelton, P. A., Algae survey report
Page 51 and 52: PLANTA Phylum CYANOPHYTA Family CHA
Page 53 and 54: Cladophora sp. 1990 Sea Engineering
Page 55 and 56: Valonia fastigiata Harvey ex J. Aga
Page 57 and 58: Cheilosporum spectabile (Decaisne)
Page 59 and 60: Family DASYACEAE Dasya anastomosans
Page 61 and 62: Peyssonnelia rubra (Greville) Agard
Page 63 and 64: Class DEMOSPONGIAE Subclass TETRACT
Page 65 and 66: Gymnangium eximium (Allman, 1874) 2
Page 67 and 68: Gorgonian sp. 2 2002 present study
Page 69 and 70: Acropora cf. nana (Studer, 1878) 19
Page 71 and 72: 1985 Birkeland et al. 1987 Fagatele
Page 73 and 74: Montipora ehrenbergii Verrill, 1975
Page 75 and 76: Leptoseris mycetoseroides Wells, 19
Page 77 and 78: Family DENDROPHYLLIIDAE Tubastraea
Page 79 and 80: 1985 Birkeland et al. 1987 Fagatele
Page 81 and 82:
Platygyra daedalea (Ellis & Solande
Page 83 and 84:
Family PECTINIIDAE Echinophyllia as
Page 85 and 86:
1995 Green et al. 1997 Aua 2002 pre
Page 87 and 88:
Porites lutea Milne Edwards & Haime
Page 89 and 90:
Psammocora superficialis Gardiner,
Page 91 and 92:
Family EUNICIDAE Eunice sp. 1923 BP
Page 93 and 94:
Family HALIOTIDAE Haliotis sp. 1985
Page 95 and 96:
Nerita argus Récluz, 1841 1985 Bir
Page 97 and 98:
Cypraea caputserpensis Linnaeus, 17
Page 99 and 100:
Engina zonalis Lamarck, 1822 2002 p
Page 101 and 102:
Family THAIDIDAE ?Morula sp. 2002 p
Page 103 and 104:
Mitra (Dibaphus) multiplicata Pease
Page 105 and 106:
Family TEREBRIDAE Terebra ?jennings
Page 107 and 108:
Family ISOGNOMONIDAE Isognomon cf.
Page 109 and 110:
Family TELLINIDAE Pinguitellina rob
Page 111 and 112:
Family DEXAMINIDAE Paradexamine sp.
Page 113 and 114:
Superorder EUCARIDA Order DECAPODA
Page 115 and 116:
Xanthias sp. 2002 present study Zos
Page 117 and 118:
Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758) In
Page 119 and 120:
Ophiarthrum elegans Peters, 1851 20
Page 121 and 122:
Holothuria (Halodeima) atra Jaeger,
Page 123 and 124:
Order Clupeiformes Family Clupeidae
Page 125 and 126:
Order Syngnathiformes Family Aulost
Page 127 and 128:
Halichoeres biocellatus Shultz, 196
Page 129 and 130:
Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Jenkins,
Page 131 and 132:
Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775 1979
Page 133 and 134:
1979 USACE 1980 (as Acanthurus glau
Page 135 and 136:
Siganus argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard,
Page 137 and 138:
1971 BPBM-11333 Fagasa Bay Cephalop
Page 139 and 140:
Family Malacanthidae Malacanthus br
Page 141 and 142:
Pterocaesio trilineata Carpenter, 1
Page 143 and 144:
Chaetodon falcula Bloch 1795 1974 D
Page 145 and 146:
Centropyge bicolor (Bloch, 1787) 19
Page 147 and 148:
Chromis viridis (Cuvier, 1830) 1974
Page 149 and 150:
Pomacentrus nigromarginatus Allen,
Page 151 and 152:
Melichthys niger (Bloch, 1786) 1985
Page 153 and 154:
Station Taxa Family Species Status
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Class Family Genus Species Author D
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191:
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