Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

88 Fig. 20 Storing pixel sample bits: basic and most common case Fig. 21 Storing pixel sample bits: more complex example Chapter 6 Medical Images in DICOM
6.1 DICOM BMPs 89 sion than with chasing lonely interpixel bits. Nevertheless, “bit-squeezing” techniques are still standard in DICOM, and can be found in many applications and data, especially if you deal with an older DICOM unit. Appendix D in DICOM PS3.5 of the standard explains other possible sample encoding schemes. If you can deal with the various ways of recording image pixels (samples), you know how to read and write DICOM BMPs. As we have mentioned, DICOM treats image information like anything else and all important image attributes are translated into DICOM VRs stored in DICOM objects. These attributes must be present in any image-containing DICOM object. In DICOM parlance, these attributes are required. Table 18 provides a more detailed snapshot of some important image attributes, taken from the DICOM Data Dictionary. This is but a small fraction of all DICOM pixel-related tags, but if you have any experience working with other image formats, you should appreciate the completeness of DICOM. For example, as (0028,0008) suggests, you can store a sequence of frames (essentially, a digital video) in a simple DICOM image. You can specify the physical dimensions of pixels in (0028,0030), which allows you to measure the image objects in their physical units, such as millimeters. Knowing pixel spacing and spacing between the images (stored in (0018,0088) and used with all image series such as MR or CT) allows for the most elaborate 3D reconstructions, because we can preserve the correct sizes of the objects. We could go on with this list almost indefinitely, but let’s stop here and conclude. Table 18 Important image attributes in DICOM Data Dictionary Tag Name VR VM (0028,0002) Samples per Pixel US 1 (0028,0004) Photometric Interpretation CS 1 (0028,0008) Number of Frames IS 1 (0028,0010) Rows US 1 (0028,0011) Columns US 1 (0028,0030) Pixel Spacing DS 2 (0028,0100) Bits Allocated B a US 1 (0028,0101) Bits Stored B s US 1 (0028,0102) High Bit B h US 1 (0028,0103) Pixel Representation US 1 (7FE0,0010) Pixel Data OW/OB 1
Page 2 and 3:
Oleg S. Pianykh Digital Imaging and
Page 4 and 5:
Oleg S. Pianykh, Ph.D. Department o
Page 6 and 7:
Foreword VII Foreword Digital Imagi
Page 8 and 9:
X Foreword so technically challengi
Page 10 and 11:
Contents XIII Contents Part I: Intr
Page 12 and 13:
Contents XV 7.2.4 The Verification
Page 14 and 15:
Contents XVII 12.2 Testing, Testing
Page 16 and 17:
abbreviations 3D Three-Dimensional
Page 18 and 19:
Part I: IntroductIon to dIcoM
Page 20 and 21:
4 Chapter 1 What is DICOM? Fig. 1 M
Page 22 and 23:
Chapter 2 How Does DICOM Work? “E
Page 24 and 25:
Establishment-DICOM handshake, when
Page 26 and 27:
12 Chapter 3 Where Do You Get DICOM
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
18 Chapter 4 A Brief History of DIC
Page 34 and 35:
20 ACR-NEMA vs. DICOM Chapter 4 A B
Page 36 and 37:
22 ACR-NEMA 2.0 Chapter 4 A Brief H
Page 38 and 39:
5.1 IT Boot Camp 25 Chapter 5 Parle
Page 40 and 41:
5.2 Text vs. Binary 27 consisting o
Page 42 and 43:
5.3 DICOM Grammar: Value Representa
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51: 5.3 DICOM Grammar: Value Representa
Page 56 and 57: 5.4 DICOM Data Dictionary 43 Table
Page 58 and 59: 5.4 DICOM Data Dictionary 45 5.4.2
Page 60 and 61: 5.5 DICOM Objects 47 mation and com
Page 62 and 63: 5.5 DICOM Objects 49 Table 5 Implic
Page 64 and 65: 5.5 DICOM Objects 51 Table 9 Explic
Page 66 and 67: 5.5 DICOM Objects 53 5.5.2 Encoding
Page 68 and 69: 5.5 DICOM Objects 55 2. Modifying a
Page 70 and 71: 5.5 DICOM Objects 57 change the pri
Page 72 and 73: 5.5 DICOM Objects 59 Table 11 SQ en
Page 74 and 75: 5.5 DICOM Objects 61 mark the end o
Page 76 and 77: 5.5 DICOM Objects 63 5.5.6 Required
Page 78 and 79: 5.5 DICOM Objects 65 5.5.8 Unique I
Page 80 and 81: 5.6 DICOM Information Hierarchy 67
Page 88 and 89: 5.7 Modules, IODs, and Information
Page 98 and 99: 86 Chapter 6 Medical Images in DICO
Page 106 and 107: 94 CAD and lossy compression Chapte
Page 110 and 111: 98 6.2.4 Choosing the Right Compres
Page 112 and 113: 100 Chapter 6 Medical Images in DIC
Page 124 and 125: Part III: DICOM COMMunICatIOns
Page 126 and 127: 116 Chapter 7 DICOM SOPs: Basic net
Page 128 and 129: 118 Connecting the unconnectable Ch
Page 130 and 131: 120 7.2 Services and Data Chapter 7
Page 132 and 133: 122 Fig. 34 Building DICOM Message
Page 134 and 135: 124 Table 21 C-Echo-Rsp: responding
Page 136 and 137: 126 Table 22 C-Echo-Rq in a final D
Page 138 and 139: 128 Table 23 C-Echo-Rsp in final DI
Page 140 and 141: 130 7.2.3 Service-Object Pairs Chap
Page 142 and 143: 132 Chapter 7 DICOM SOPs: Basic The
Page 144 and 145: 134 Fig. 38 Storage SOP Chapter 7 D
Page 146 and 147: 136 Table 26 C-Store-Rq Message fie
Page 148 and 149: 138 Fig. 39 DICOM C-Store 7.4 Query
Page 150 and 151:
140 7.4.1 A Few Words on Data Match
Page 152 and 153:
142 7.4.2 C-Find IOD Chapter 7 DICO
Page 154 and 155:
144 Table 29 (continued) Query para
Page 156 and 157:
146 Table 30 C-Find-Rq Message fiel
Page 158 and 159:
148 Chapter 7 DICOM SOPs: Basic 4.
Page 160 and 161:
150 Chapter 7 DICOM SOPs: Basic Fig
Page 162 and 163:
152 Chapter 7 DICOM SOPs: Basic Pro
Page 164 and 165:
154 Table 35 C-Get SOP SOP Class Na
Page 166 and 167:
156 Chapter 7 DICOM SOPs: Basic use
Page 168 and 169:
158 Table 38 C-Get-Rsp Message fiel
Page 170 and 171:
160 Chapter 7 DICOM SOPs: Basic Fig
Page 172 and 173:
162 Table 40 Example of a C-Move IO
Page 174 and 175:
164 Table 42 C-Move-Rsp Message fie
Page 176 and 177:
166 Chapter 7 DICOM SOPs: Basic by
Page 178 and 179:
168 Chapter 7 DICOM SOPs: Basic (Fi
Page 180 and 181:
8.1 Storage Commitment 171 Chapter
Page 182 and 183:
8.3 Structured Reports 173 The only
Page 184 and 185:
8.4 Encapsulated PDFs 175 ages, whi
Page 186 and 187:
8.5 Hardcopy Printing 177 8.5 Hardc
Page 188 and 189:
180 Chapter 9 DICOM Associations or
Page 190 and 191:
182 Chapter 9 DICOM Associations Yo
Page 192 and 193:
184 Table 44 Important Abstract Syn
Page 194 and 195:
186 Chapter 9 DICOM Associations Fi
Page 196 and 197:
188 Table 45 Important Transfer Syn
Page 198 and 199:
190 Chapter 9 DICOM Associations MR
Page 200 and 201:
192 Application Context wars Chapte
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
196 Chapter 9 DICOM Associations 1.
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
200 Fig. 62 A-Associate-RQ message
Page 210 and 211:
202 Chapter 9 DICOM Associations If
Page 212 and 213:
204 9.8.4 A-Abort Chapter 9 DICOM A
Page 214 and 215:
206 Fig. 68 P-Data-TF message, with
Page 216 and 217:
208 Chapter 9 DICOM Associations Do
Page 218 and 219:
210 Chapter 9 DICOM Associations Tw
Page 220 and 221:
212 Chapter 9 DICOM Associations DI
Page 222 and 223:
214 Chapter 9 DICOM Associations in
Page 224 and 225:
216 Chapter 9 DICOM Associations to
Page 226 and 227:
Part IV: DICOM MeDIa anD SeCurIty
Page 228 and 229:
222 10.1 DICOM File Format Chapter
Page 230 and 231:
224 Table 49 (continued) File Meta
Page 232 and 233:
226 Chapter 10 DICOM Media: Files,
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
230 Table 50 (continued) DICOMDIR e
Page 238 and 239:
232 Table 50 (continued) DICOMDIR e
Page 240 and 241:
234 10.2.2 Secure DICOM File Format
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
248 Fig. 77 DICOM file in WordPad C
Page 256 and 257:
250 Chapter 11 DICOM Security All e
Page 258 and 259:
252 Chapter 11 DICOM Security The c
Page 260 and 261:
254 Chapter 11 DICOM Security senti
Page 262 and 263:
256 11.3.2 Encryption Chapter 11 DI
Page 264 and 265:
258 Chapter 11 DICOM Security from
Page 266 and 267:
260 Fig. 82 Digital signature Chapt
Page 268 and 269:
12.1 DICOM Conformance 263 Chapter
Page 270 and 271:
12.2 Testing, Testing, and Yes, Mor
Page 272 and 273:
12.4 DICOM from a Black Box 267 Thi
Page 274 and 275:
12.6 Open-Source DICOM 269 on their
Page 276 and 277:
12.6 Open-Source DICOM 271 processo
Page 278 and 279:
13.1 Can I See the Image? 275 Chapt
Page 280 and 281:
13.1 Can I See the Image? 277 confe
Page 282 and 283:
13.2 You’ve Got Mail 279 bytes. I
Page 284 and 285:
13.3 Teleradiology 281 Fig. 85 Exte
Page 286 and 287:
13.3 Teleradiology 283 Stealth tele
Page 288 and 289:
13.3 Teleradiology 285 not always r
Page 290 and 291:
13.4 DICOM and the WWW 287 (see 5.5
Page 292 and 293:
13.5 “DICOM Email” 289 4. XML i
Page 294 and 295:
13.5 “DICOM Email” 291 Fig. 87
Page 296 and 297:
13.6 From PACS to PDAs? 293 images
Page 298 and 299:
13.7 Starting Your Teleradiology Pr
Page 300 and 301:
13.7 Starting Your Teleradiology Pr
Page 302 and 303:
13.8 Conclusion 299 C-Stores, and f
Page 304 and 305:
302 14.1 HL7: HIS and RIS Chapter 1
Page 306 and 307:
304 Chapter 14 Standards and System
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
15.1 What it Takes to Kill a PACS 3
Page 316 and 317:
15.1 What it Takes to Kill a PACS 3
Page 318 and 319:
15.2 Extreme PACS 317 15.2.1 Diggin
Page 320 and 321:
15.2 Extreme PACS 319 unstable netw
Page 322 and 323:
15.2 Extreme PACS 321 cally configu
Page 324 and 325:
323 Fig. 93 Modular, distributed PA
Page 326 and 327:
326 Chapter 16 DICOM Software Devel
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
332 Chapter 17 DICOM Implementation
Page 334 and 335:
334 Real case: teleradiology or bac
Page 336 and 337:
336 Chapter 17 DICOM Implementation
Page 338 and 339:
18.1 Frequent Problems 339 Chapter
Page 340 and 341:
18.1 Frequent Problems 341 18.1.5 I
Page 342 and 343:
18.2 Naive Questions Physicians Lik
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
A.1 DICOM Transfer Syntaxes 351 App
Page 350 and 351:
A.2 DICOM SOPs 353 A.2 DICOM SOPs T
Page 352 and 353:
A.2 DICOM SOPs 355 Table 53 (contin
Page 354 and 355:
A.2 DICOM SOPs 357 Table 53 (contin
Page 356 and 357:
A.3 C-Find Bytes 359 Table 53 (cont
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
380 References Langer S (2005) Cont
Page 378 and 379:
382 DICOM email 221, 289, 290, 292
show all

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?