Mid Rivers Newsmagazine 2-20-19

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24 I COVER STORY I February 20, 2019 MID RIVERS NEWSMAGAZINE @MIDRIVERSNEWS MIDRIVERSNEWSMAGAZINE.COM Growing Up in Smoke: The pluming popularity of e-cigarettes By JESSICA MESZAROS A puff here. A drag there. Refill. Repeat as needed. While the resulting puffs may look the same, there are multiple differences between smoking e-cigarettes [also known as “vaping”] and traditional tobacco products. In December 2018, the results of the 2018 Monitoring the Future [MTF] survey were announced by the National Institute of Drug Abuse [NIDA]. The study was conducted at the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research, which has provided an annual standard of substancerelated behaviors in middle and high school students since 1975. Overall, the study found multiple decreases in substance use among students. Tobacco use among teens plummeted to only 3.6 percent of high schools reporting daily use compared to the 22.4 percent reported two years ago; alcohol use dropped to 17.5 percent from the 26 percent reported five years ago. A decline in opioid abuse also was documented. However, one category saw increases in use from middle school through high school: vaping. Researchers found an increase of about 1.3 million more high school vapers in 2018 than in 2017. The recorded vaping increase was the largest annual jump in the use of any substance, including marijuana, in the project’s history. Last year, 37.3 percent of high school seniors reporting “any vaping” in the past 12 months, compared to 27.8 percent in 2017. The percentage of high school seniors who reported vaping nicotine during the month just prior to the survey also nearly doubled from 11 percent to about 21 percent. Surveyed eighth- and 10th-graders reported that vaping devices and liquids are “fairly easy” or “very easy” to purchase, with 45.7 percent and 66.6 percent holding that opinion, respectively. The rising popularity of vaping has been attributed to a variety of factors, like the marketable technology and varied flavors of nicotine refills, from mint to mango, now available in the market. According to the Centers for Disease Control [CDC] Surgeon General’s report titled “E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults,” the most commonly cited reasons by teens and young adults for using e-cigarettes are the available flavoring/taste, curiosity and “low perceived harm compared to other tobacco products.” The resulting, relatively new and continuously rising popularity of vape devices is raising concern and questions from many, including school faculty, doctors and even other students. [Photo by Mandie Mills, CDC] Vapes, juice and Juuling? Oh my! E-cigarettes are known by many different names and come in a variety of different models and designs. They are sometimes referred to as “e-cigs,” “e-hookahs,” “vape pens,” “vapes,” and “electronic nicotine delivery systems” [ENDS], to name a few. The goal of the products is to deliver the user direct doses of nicotine, or to vape other drugs like marijuana. “It’s essentially a different method of nicotine delivery compared to combustible tobacco products, like cigars, cigarettes, etc.,” explained Dr. Bobby Shah, a pulmonologist at St. Luke’s Hospital. “That’s the fundamental difference between the two. From there, there are a lot of potential differences, and therein lies the problems with nicotine replacement products like e-cigarettes.” E-cigarettes are electronic devices that produce aerosol by heating a liquid [also referred to as “juice”] that contains nicotine. The liquid also contains flavorings and brand-varying additives to help make the aerosol. Users inhale e-cigarette aerosol into their A Student’s Perspective: The trend of vaping in schools By JESSICA MESZAROS For high school senior Kayla Cashion, the vaping phenomenon hits close to home. “My parents both had smoking addictions,” Cashion said. “My mom quit and she was successful, but my dad is still in the process, so I take nicotine addiction a little more personally than some other students probably would.” Cashion said vaping is “the trendy thing to do right now.” “You go to parties, and people are doing vape tricks, Cashion said. “Instead of kids passing around weed or alcohol, they’re passing around their Juuls or vape pens…. It’s not just the kids you’d expect either, like the stereotypical ‘stoners’ or ‘druggies.’ In reality, it could be anyone.” Using an e-cig is sometimes called “Juuling,” a term derived from Juul, a popular brand of e-cig devices that was introduced commercially in 2015. Due to its size and resemblance to USB drives, Juul is popular in school environments – everywhere from stairwells to bathrooms. “If a student has a sweatshirt and can pull it down and hide the pen there, and then expel the vape into their sleeve, then the teacher never sees it,” Cashion said. Consequences for using or selling e-cig products on school campuses can range from detention to out-of-school suspension. However, in the Francis Howell School District, those consequences are directly linked to a student’s Missouri State High School Activities Association [MSHSAA] involvement, of which 75 percent of Francis Howell High students partake in through various school activities and athletics. “There’s a bylaw that says you’re not allowed to use any mood-altering substances, so students who are found using vape products could be at risk of losing some or all of their athletic, academic [or] MSHSAA-sponsored activities,” Jon Schultz, assistant principal of Francis Howell High, said. “That’s been really positive.” According to Schultz, Francis Howell has seen a drop in reported instances of students vaping on school property after reaching a high during the 2017-2018 school year. “They’re still prevalent and we’re still seeing students using them at our schools, but it’s a significant decline,” Schultz said. According to Schultz, the decline can be attributed to a variety of factors. In addition to sending out a quarterly information packet to parents, students are shown vaping-centered educational videos to raise awareness regarding nicotine addiction and the lack of product regulation from brand to brand. “When you stop receiving any benefit from using your vape product, then you know you’re addicted,” Schultz said. “We want to really educate students on that.” While its illegal to sell vaping products to individuals younger than 18 in St. Charles County, Cashion said getting e-cigarettes is easier than parents might think. “A lot of high school seniors look older than they really are, and some have fake IDs, so they can just walk into these gas stations or wherever and buy them,” Cashion said. Some students also may sell legally obtained products to other students either in-person or via social media. And students can buy refilled vape pods online or from countries like China, which may have looser regulations. “It’s just a devastating trend,” Cashion said.
FACEBOOK.COM/MIDRIVERSNEWSMAGAZINE MIDRIVERSNEWSMAGAZINE.COM February 20, 2019 MID RIVERS NEWSMAGAZINE I COVER STORY I 25 lungs, similar to smoking a cigarette, and exhale the aerosol back into the air. Vaping vs. tobacco Despite the term “vape,” e-cig aerosol is not just water vapor. One of the main selling points of e-cigarettes is the ability to inhale a variety of flavors. For example, Juul’s nicotine liquid refills [“pods”] come in an array of flavors, including Mint, Mango, Cool Cucumber and Creme. The pods also come in more classic flavors like Virginia Tobacco and Menthol. But flavoring isn’t the only ingredient in the e-fluid. According to the manufacturer, each Juul pod also contains the same amount of nicotine as 20 cigarettes. According to the CDC, nicotine can heavily impact brain development in individuals under the age of 25 in addition to being a highly addictive substance. A Juul cartridge resembles a USB/flashdrive. Shah seconded those concerns. “Outside of brain control, brain regulation and brain development, there are going to be effects on physical growth, puberty onset, those types of things,” Shah said. “There’s also, obviously, the risk of addiction. You’re replacing one addiction with another. There is some positive data that shows that tobacco use is going down among children, whereas vaping is going up. So, we’re basically trading one addiction for another.” According to NIDA, an estimated 66 percent of surveyed teens who vape believed there was “just flavoring” in the aerosol, while just 13.2 percent were aware of the presence of nicotine. Another 13.7 percent reported not knowing the ingredients or components of their e-cig device at all. Despite high levels of nicotine, e-cigarette aerosol generally contains fewer harmful chemicals and other materials like tar than smoke from burned tobacco products. Still, the CDC says e-cig aerosol can include ultrafine particles – inhaled directly into the lungs – that can include volatile organic compounds, cancer-causing chemicals and even metals like tin, nickel and lead. For individuals of all ages, first-hand and second-hand vapor intake also could be linked to lung complications, such as emphysema, caused by ingredients in the vape liquid, experts say. “[With] these products, or with any other products that serve as a form of nicotine delivery, there’s the potential for lung complications,” Shah said. “Whether it’s the preservatives or the other flavors, the odors, there’s scientific proof that they can cause damage to the lungs, too. There are studies showing lung biopsies in these patients showing emphysema-like changes, even though they never smoked a single cigarette.” While e-cigarette liquid can share some chemicals that have been determined to be safe such as in-food preservatives, Shah warns that the stomach can process and digest more substances than the lungs and that vaping may change the safe nature of those products. “A lot of the chemicals used in these products have research showing that they’re safe when used in a different form,” Shah said. “For example, polyethylene glycol or formaldehyde are chemicals that have been used as food preservatives for ages, and in those forms, they’ve been proven to be safe, but there’s no research to show that when they’re heated and combusted that they’re still equally safe.” The long-term effects of vaping Although the addictiveness and longterm harm of nicotine on the human body has been well-documented, Shah said there is not a lot of research about the impact of long-term use and second-hand “smoke” when it comes to vaping. “These products are still fairly new on the market,” Shah said. “So, what it means long-term, down the road for people who are exposed to these things in a secondhand form, is still questionable.” The ratios of additives, preservatives and ingredients in e-cig liquid vary greatly from brand to brand, according to Shah, which also make long-term effects hard to determine. Some chemicals present in e-cigarette fluid include polyethylene glycol, glycerol phosphate, formaldehyde and others. “… there’s no quality control and there’s no assurance from one product to the next,” Shah said. “At the end of the day, though, there is good research that shows these products are still safer than tobacco for the individuals using them. It’s just a matter of the impact on society, the impact on brain and lung development; it’s a matter of the impact on if it really helps [people] quit smoking, and those have yet to be shown. “I would say there’s a misconception or misperception that these products will be safe long-term,” Shah said. “I think people don’t understand that we’re not certain about that.” CHANGE A MEAL CHALLENGE Changing a meal a day to one of our over 40 meal smoothies can help you reach your goal of firming up or slimming down. 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Mid Rivers Newsmagazine 2-20-19

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