atw 2019-03

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atw Vol. 64 (2019) | Issue 3 ı March Calendar 130 2019 CALENDAR 03.03.-07.03.2019 WM Symposia – WM2019. Phoenix, AZ, USA, www.wmsym.org 05.03.-06.03.2019 VI. International Power Plants Summit. Istanbul, Turkey, INPPS Fair, www.nuclearpowerplantssummit.com 10.03.-15.03.2019 83. Annual Meeting of DPG and DPG Spring Meeting of the Atomic, Molecular, Plasma Physics and Quantum Optics Section (SAMOP), incl. Working Group on Energy. Rostock, Germany, Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft e.V., www.dpg-physik.de 10.03.-14.03.2019 The 9 th International Symposium on Supercritical- Water-Cooled Reactors (ISSCWR-9). Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Canadian Nuclear Society (CNS), www.cns-snc.ca 11.03.-13.03.2019 18 th Workshop of the European ALARA Network: ALARA in Decommissioning and Site Remediation. Marcoule, France, European ALARA Network www.eu-alara.net 11.03.-12.03.2019 Carnegie International Nuclear Policy Conference. Washington D.C., U.S.A., Carnegie Endownment for International Peace, carnegieendowment.org 13.03. – 14.03.2019 Nuclear Engineering for Safety, Control & Security. Bristol, UK, The IET, https://events.theiet.org 13.03. – 15.03.2019 NUGENIA Forum 2019. Paris, France, NUGENIA, www.nugenia.eu 24.03.-28.03.2019 RRFM 2019 – 2019 the European Research Reactor Conference. Jordan, IGORR, the International Group Operating Research Reactors and European Nuclear Society (ENS), www.euronuclear.org 25.03.-27.03.2019 Cyber Security Implementation Workshop. Boston MA, USA, Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI), www.nei.org 01.04.-03.04.2019 CIENPI – 13 th China International Exhibition on Nuclear Power Industry. Beijing, China, Coastal International, www.coastal.com.hk 09.04.-11.04.2019 World Nuclear Fuel Cycle 2019. Shanghai, China, World Nuclear Association (WNA), Miami, Florida, USA, www.wnfc.info ATOMEXPO 2019. Sochi, Russia, 2019.atomexpo.ru/en/ 15.04.-16.04.2019 07.05.-08.05.2019 50 th Annual Meeting on Nuclear Technology AMNT 2019 | 50. Jahrestagung Kerntechnik. Berlin, Germany, DAtF and KTG, www.amnt2019.com – Register Now! 15.05.-17.05.2019 1 st International Conference of Materials, Chemistry and Fitness-For-Service Solutions for Nuclear Systems. Toronto, Canada, Canadian Nuclear Society (CNS), www.cns-snc.ca 16.05.-17.05.2019 Emergency Power Systems at Nuclear Power Plants. Munich, Germany, TÜV SÜD, www.tuev-sued.de/eps-symposium 24.05.-26.05.2019 International Topical Workshop on Fukushima Decommissioning Research – FDR2019. Fukushima, Japan, The University of Tokyo, fdr2019.org 29.05.-31.05.2019 Global Nuclear Power Tech. Seoul, South Korea, Korea Electric Engineers Association, electrickorea.org/eng 03.06.-05.06.2019 Nuclear Energy Assembly. Washington DC, USA, Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI), www.nei.org 03.06.-07.06.2019 World Nuclear University Short Course: The World Nuclear Industry Today. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, World Nuclear University, www.world-nuclear-university.org 04.06.-07.06.2019 FISA 2019 and EURADWASTE ‘19. 9 th European Commission Conferences on Euratom Research and Training in Safety of Reactor Systems and Radioactive Waste Management. Pitesti, Romania, www.nucleu2020.eu 24.06.-28.06.2019 2019 International Conference on the Management of Spent Fuel from Nuclear Power Reactors. Vienna, Austria, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), www.iaea.org 23.06.-27.06.2019 World Nuclear University Summer Institute. Romania and Switzerland, World Nuclear University, www.world-nuclear-university.org 21.07.-24.07.2019 14 th International Conference on CANDU Fuel. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, Canadian Nuclear Society (CNS), www.cns-snc.ca 28.07.-01.08.2019 Radiation Protection Forum. Memphis TN, USA, Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI), www.nei.org 29.07.-02.08.2019 27 th International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC). Glasgow, Scotland, inpc2019.iopconfs.org 04.08.-09.08.2019 PATRAM 2019 – Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials Symposium. New Orleans, LA, USA. www.patram.org 21.08.-30.08.2019 Frédéric Joliot/Otto Hahn (FJOH) Summer School FJOH-2019 – Innovative Reactors: Matching the Design to Future Deployment and Energy Needs. Karlsruhe, Germany, Nuclear Energy Division of Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) and Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), www.fjohss.eu 04.09.-06.09.2019 World Nuclear Association Symposium 2019. London, UK, World Nuclear Association (WNA), www.wna-symposium.org 04.09.-05.09.2019 VGB Congress 2019 – Innovation in Power Generation. Salzburg, Austria, VGB PowerTech e.V., www.vgb.org 08.09.-11.09.2019 4 th Nuclear Waste Management, Decommissioning and Environmental Restoration (NWMDER). Ottawa, Canada, Canadian Nuclear Society (CNS), www.cns-snc.ca 09.09.-12.09.2019 24 th World Energy Congress. Abu Dhabi, UAE, www.wec24.org 09.09.-12.09.2019 Jahrestagung 2019 – Fachverband für Strahlenschutz | Strahlenschutz und Medizin. Würzburg, Germany, www.fs-ev.org/jahrestagung-2019 16.09.-20.09.2019 63 rd Annual Conference of the IAEA. Vienna, Austria, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), www.iaea.org/about/governance/generalconference 07.10. – 11.10.2019 International Conference on Climate Change and the Role of Nuclear Power. Vienna, Austria, IAEA, www.iaea.org 07.10. – 18.10.2019 ICTP-IAEA Nuclear Energy Management School. Trieste, Italy, IAEA, www.iaea.org 15.10. – 18.10.2019 Technical Meeting on Siting for Nuclear Power Plants. Vienna, Austria, IAEA, www.iaea.org 22.10.-25.10.2019 SWINTH-2019 Specialists Workshop on Advanced Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques for Experiments Related to Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics and Severe Accidents. Livorno, Italy, www.nineeng.org/swinth2019/ 23.10.- 24.10.2019 Chemistry in Power Plants. Würzburg, Germany, VGB PowerTech e.V., www.vgb.org/en/ chemie_im_kraftwerk_2019.html 27.10.-30.10.2019 FSEP CNS International Meeting on Fire Safety and Emergency Preparedness for the Nuclear Industry. Ottawa, Canada, Canadian Nuclear Society (CNS), www.cns-snc.ca 12.11.-14.11.2019 International Conference on Nuclear Decommissioning – ICOND 2019. Eurogress Aachen, Aachen Institute for Nuclear Training GmbH, www.icond.de 25.11.-29-11.2019 International Conference on Research Reactors: Addressing Challenges and Opportunities to Ensure Effectiveness and Sustainability. Buenos Aires, Argentina, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), www.iaea.org/events/ conference-on-research-reactors-2019 This is not a full list and may be subject to change. Calendar
atw Vol. 64 (2019) | Issue 3 ı March Feature | Major Trends in Energy Policy and Nuclear Power Nuclear Power Plant Flexibility at EDF Patrick Morilhat, Stéphane Feutry, Christelle Lemaitre and Jean Melaine Favennec Based upon existing experience feedback of French nuclear power plants operated by EDF (Electricité de France), this paper shows that flexible operation of nuclear reactors is possible and has been applied in France by EDF’s 58 reactors for more than 30 years without any noticeable or unmanageable impacts: no effects on safety or on the environment, and no noticeable additional maintenance costs, with an additional unplanned capability load factor estimated at only 0.5 %. EDF’s nuclear reactors have the capability to vary their output between 20 % and 100 % within 30 minutes, twice a day, when operating in load-following mode. Flexible operation requires sound plant design (safety margins, auxiliary equipment) and appropriate operator skills, and early modifications were made to the initial Westinghouse design to enable flexible operation (e.g., use of “grey” control rods to vary reactor core thermal power more rapidly than with conventional “black” control rods). The nominal capacities of the present power stations are sufficient, safe and adequate to balance generation against demand and allow renewables to be inserted intermittently, without any additional CO 2 emissions. It is a clear demonstration of full complementarity between nuclear and renewable energies. 1 Introduction: Nuclear and Renewable energies are the two pillars of France’s low carbon electricity The fight against climate change has entered a crucial phase with the objective set by COP 21 to keep global warming “well below” +2 °C at the horizon 2100. Today, energy accounts for most CO 2 emissions worldwide and the electricity sector in particular is a prime candidate for deep decarbonization. A recent MIT study [1] says that unless nuclear energy is incorporated into the global mix of low-carbon energy technologies, the challenge of climate change will be much more difficult and costly to meet. Although nuclear energy raises the problem of nuclear waste management, solutions have been identified, and it is the climate change challenge that is overwhelming. In this respect, France – which already has low carbon intensity facilities – is a step ahead of its major European neighbours. This low carbon and competitive mix must be preserved in the long term, drawing on the complementary relationship between renewable energy sources and nuclear energy. France’s electricity generation is built on a mix of varied generation units, based upon nuclear power plants (NPPs), renewable energies sources (RES) consisting of hydropower plants, wind turbines, solar farms or biomass plants and a few remaining set of conventional units. With an overall net generation capacity of 129.3 GWe (92.3 GWe in mainland France), generating 580.8 TWh (424.7 TWh in mainland France) in 2017 [2], the EDF group is one of the world’s leading electricity producers. EDF’s fleet generates 87 % carbon-free electricity, due to the predominance of nuclear and hydropower generation facilities, in an increasingly restrictive environmental regulatory context. EDF is among the world’s 10 largest global power suppliers, and produces the smallest amount of CO 2 per kilowatt-hour, with direct emissions currently at 82 gCO 2 /kWh 2 (25gCO 2 /kWh for EDF France Mainland), which is far less than the world average for the sector (506gCO2/kWh in 2015) and the average for the main European electricity providers (275gCO 2 /kWh in 2016). EDF group’s decarbonization strategy is first and foremost based on an ambitious industrial policy focused on a low-carbon generation with a balanced mix of nuclear and renewable energy. More specifically concerning nuclear power, EDF is the world’s biggest NPP operator. EDF operates 58 nuclear units in mainland France, based on PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) technology; A “unit” is defined here as a generation facility including a reactor, steam generators, a turbine, a generator, the related equipment and the buildings that house them. These units are spread over 19 sites, with an average age of 32 years. They are divided into three series according to the electrical power available: a 900 MW series consisting of 34 units, a 1,300 MW series consisting of 20 units, and a 1,500 MW series consisting of 4 units. Built in the 1980-90s and originally based on a Westinghouse design, with upgrades implemented by EDF and Framatome, the French nuclear fleet grew at a quick pace, reaching about 72 % of the total electricity generated in France [3] in 2017 (see Figure 1), 89 % of France's Installed capacity (130.7 GW) France's Electricity output (530 TWh) | | Fig. 1. France's 2017 installed capacity and electricity output [3]. FEATURE | MAJOR TRENDS IN ENERGY POLICY AND NUCLEAR POWER 131 Feature Nuclear Power Plant Flexibility at EDF ı Patrick Morilhat, Stéphane Feutry, Christelle Lemaitre and Jean Melaine Favennec
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