[JAVA][Beginning Java 8 Games Development]

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 3 ■ A Java 8 Primer: An Introduction to Java 8 Concepts and Principles Next, you should take a look at the curly { braces ({. . .}) delimiter, which, like the multiline comment delimiter, has an opening curly brace, which delimits (that is, which shows a compiler) the start of a collection of Java statements, as well as a closing curly brace, which delimits the end of the collection of Java programming statements. The curly braces allow you to use multiple Java programming statements inside a number of Java constructs, including inside of Java classes, methods, loops, conditional statements, lambda expressions, and interfaces, all of which you will be learning about over the course of this book. As illustrated in Figure 3-2, Java code blocks delimited using curly braces can be nested (contained) inside of each other, allowing far more complex Java code constructs. The first (outermost) code block using curly braces is the InvinciBagel class, with other constructs then nested as follows: the start() method, the .setOnAction() method, and the handle() method. You will be examining what all this code does as this chapter progresses. What I want you to visualize now (with the help of the red squares in Figure 3.2) is how the curly braces are allowing your methods (and class) to define their own code blocks (structures), each of which is a part of a larger Java structure, with the largest Java structure being the InvinciBagel.java class itself. Note how each opening curly brace has a matching closing curly brace. Note as well the indenting of the code, such that the innermost Java code structures are indented the farthest to the right. Each block of code is indented by an additional four characters or spaces. As you can see, the class is not indented (0), the start() method is 4 spaces in, the .setOnAction() method is 8 spaces in, and the handle() method is 12 spaces in. NetBeans 8.0 will indent each of your Java code structures for you! Also notice that NetBeans 8.0 draws very fine (gray) indentation guide lines in the IDE so that you can line up your code structures visually, if you prefer. Figure 3-2. Nested Java code blocks for the InvinciBagel class, start method, setOnAction method, and handle method The Java code inside each of the red squares begins with a curly brace and ends with a curly brace. Now that you are familiar with the various Java 8 code commenting approaches, as well as how your Java 8 game programming statements need to be delimited, both individually and as Java code blocks, you will next study the various Java code structures themselves—how they are used, what they can do for your applications and games, and which important Java keywords are employed to implement them. 46 www.it-ebooks.info
Chapter 3 ■ A Java 8 Primer: An Introduction to Java 8 Concepts and Principles Java APIs: Using Packages to Organize by Function At the highest level of a programming platform, such as Google’s 32-bit Android 4, which uses Java SE 6; 64-bit Android 5, which uses Java SE 7; and the current Oracle Java SE platform, which was recently released as Java SE 8, there is a collection of packages that contain classes, interfaces, methods, and constants and that together form the API. This collection of Java code (in this case, the Java 8 API) can be used by application (in this case, game) developers to create professional-level software across many OSs, platforms, and consumer electronics devices, such as computers, laptops, netbooks, notebooks, tablets, iTV sets, game consoles, smartwatches, and smartphones. To install a given version of an API level, you install the SDK (Software Development Kit). The Java SDK has a special name, the JDK (Java Development Kit). Those of you who are familiar with Android (Java SE on top of Linux) OS development know that a different API level is released every time a few new features are added. This is because these new hardware features need to be supported, not because Google’s executives feel like releasing a new SDK every few months. Android has 24 different API levels, whereas Java SE has only eight, and only three of Java’s API levels (Java 6, Java 7, Java 8) are in use currently. Java SE 6 is used with Eclipse ADT (Android Developer Tools) IDE to develop for 32-bit Android (versions 1.5 through 4.5); Java SE 7 is used with IntelliJ IDEA to develop for 64-bit Android (version 5.0 and later); and Java 8 is used with the NetBeans IDE to develop for JavaFX and Java 8 across the Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and Oracle Solaris OSs. I have three different workstations that are optimized for each of these Java API platforms and IDE software packages so that I can develop applications for Android 4 (Java 6), Android 5 (Java 7), and JavaFX (Java 8) at the same time. Fortunately, you can get a powerful Windows 8.1 hexacore or octacore 64-bit AMD workstation on PriceWatch. com for a few hundred dollars! Besides API level (the SDK you installed and are using), the highest-level construct in the Java programming language is the package. A Java package uses the package keyword to declare the application’s package at the top of your Java code. This must be the first line of code declared, other than comments (see Figure 3-1; see also Chapter 2). The New Project series of dialogs in NetBeans that you used in Chapter 2 will create your package for you and will import other packages that you will need to use, based on what you want to do in your application. In this case, these are JavaFX packages, so you can use the JavaFX new media engine. As you may have ascertained from the name, a Java package collects all the Java programming constructs. These include classes, interfaces, and methods that relate to your application, so the invinciBagel package will contain all your code, as well as the code that you imported to work with your code, to create, compile, and run the InvinciBagel game. A Java package is useful for organizing and containing all your own application code, certainly, but it is even more useful for organizing and containing the SDK’s (API’s) Java code, which you will use, along with your own Java programming logic, to create your Java 8 applications. You can use any of the classes that are part of the API that you are targeting by using the Java import keyword, which, in conjunction with the package and class that you want to use, constitutes an import statement. The import statement begins with the import keyword, followed by the fully qualified class name, which is the package name, any subpackage name, and the class name as a complete naming reference path (the full proper name for the class). A semicolon terminates an import statement. As you have already seen in Figure 3-1, the import statement used to import the JavaFX EventHandler class from the javafx.event package should look just like this: import javafx.event.EventHandler; The import statement tells the Java compiler that you will be using methods (or constants) from the class that is referenced, using the import keyword, as well as which package the class is stored in. If you use a class, method, or interface in your own Java class, such as the InvinciBagel class (see Figure 3-2), and you have not declared the class for use, using the import statement, the Java compiler will throw an error until you add the required import statement at the top of the class (after the Java package declaration statement, and before the Java class declaration statement). 47
Page 1: www.it-ebooks.info
Page 4 and 5: Contents at a Glance About the Auth
Page 6 and 7: Introduction The Java Programming L
Page 8 and 9: ■ Introduction In Chapter 13 you
Page 10 and 11: Chapter 1 ■ Setting Up a Java 8 G
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 2 Setting Up Your Java 8 ID
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 2 ■ Setting Up Your Java
Page 40 and 41: Profiling Your Java 8 Game Applicat
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 3 ■ A Java 8 Primer: An I
Page 82 and 83: Chapter 4 ■ An Introduction to Ja
Page 102 and 103:
Chapter 4 ■ An Introduction to Ja
Page 104 and 105:
Chapter 4 ■ An Introduction to Ja
Page 106 and 107:
Chapter 5 An Introduction to Game D
Page 108 and 109:
Chapter 5 ■ An Introduction to Ga
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Chapter 6 The Foundation of Game De
Page 130 and 131:
Chapter 6 ■ The Foundation of Gam
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Chapter 7 The Foundation of Game Pl
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Chapter 8 Creating Your Actor Engin
Page 172 and 173:
Chapter 8 ■ Creating Your Actor E
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Chapter 9 Controlling Your Action F
Page 194 and 195:
Chapter 9 ■ Controlling Your Acti
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Chapter 10 Directing the Cast of Ac
Page 214 and 215:
Chapter 10 ■ Directing the Cast o
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Chapter 11 ■ Moving Your Action F
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Chapter 12 Setting Boundaries for Y
Page 256 and 257:
Chapter 12 ■ Setting Boundaries f
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Chapter 13 ■ Animating Your Actio
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Chapter 14 ■ Setting Up the Game
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Chapter 15 Implementing Game Audio
Page 326 and 327:
Chapter 15 ■ Implementing Game Au
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Chapter 16 ■ Collision Detection:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Chapter 17 Enhancing Game Play: Cre
Page 394 and 395:
Chapter 17 ■ Enhancing Game Play:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
Page 444 and 445:
Page 446 and 447:
Page 448 and 449:
Page 450 and 451:
Page 452 and 453:
Page 454 and 455:
■ index Background image (cont.)
Page 456 and 457:
■ index InvinciBagel animation (c
Page 458 and 459:
■ index Modifier keywords access
Page 460 and 461:
Beginning Java 8 Games Development
Page 462 and 463:
This Java 8 Game Development book i
Page 464 and 465:
■ Contents NetBeans 8.0 Is User I
Page 466 and 467:
■ Contents ■■Chapter 5: An In
Page 468 and 469:
■ Contents Creating a Hero Superc
Page 470 and 471:
■ Contents Organizing the .update
Page 472 and 473:
■ Contents Optimizing the Scene G
Page 474 and 475:
About the Author Wallace Jackson ha
Page 476:
Acknowledgments I would like to ack
show all

[JAVA][Beginning Java 8 Games Development]

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?