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44 MONTH 2020 NJMONTHLY.COMPHOTOGRAPHS: (SUBJECT) NAME HERE; (SUBJECT) NAME HERE
THE GOODFIGHTWith unprecedented speed, Garden Stateresearchers seek ways to strike down Covid-19.By Leslie Garisto PfaffPHOTOGRAPHS: (SUBJECT) NAME HERE; (SUBJECT) NAME HEREfter new york, no state had been harderhit by the Covid-19 pandemic than NewJersey. So it’s fitting—given both our senseof urgency and our wealth of medicaland scientific resources—that thestate is deeply engaged in the globaleffort to vanquish the disease. Fromvast pharmaceutical and researchpowerhouses like Johnson & Johnson and RutgersUniversity to a small biotech company with asingle focus, New Jersey scientists are playingan essential role in the search for ways to treatpatients suffering from Covid-19 and to stop thedisease in its relentless march across the globe.THE PUSH FOR A VACCINEWhen Paul Burton, the chief global medical affairsofficer of Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen pharmaceuticalsdivision, talks about the company’sefforts to create a vaccine to protect againstCovid-19, he uses words like “unprecedented” and“unparalleled.”Under other circumstances, those adjectivesmight be dismissed as hyperbole, but in this casethey’re merely descriptive. Never before has thesearch for a vaccine been so aggressive or so accelerated(which, by the way, are also adjectivesBurton uses).In the case of Covid-19, a process that can take10-15 years is being squeezed into a span of 12-18months. It began almost immediately after January10, the date on which Chinese scientists announcedthat they’d successfully decoded the genome ofSARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19.Janssen was well positioned for such a challenge.It had already developed successful vaccines forEbola and Zika, so it had in hand the technology tocreate new vaccine candidates.“Creating the new vaccine,” Burton says, “involvestaking a piece of the coronavirus DNA—specifically,one that codes for the protein that latches onto humancells—and placing it inside a dead adenovirus.”An adenovirus, Burton explains, is basically a safecommon cold virus, which is good for transportingthings into humans, but it lacks the DNA needed toreplicate. “So, the vaccine”—essentially, the coronavirusDNA and the dead adenovirus that contains it,along with inert components the keep the vaccinefrom degrading or its ingredients from separating—”can’t cause a cold,” Burton says. “And the protein itproduces can’t cause harm either.”For the hoped-for Covid-19 vaccine, Janssenfound three extremely promising pieces of coronavirusDNA from which they’ve created three separatevaccines: a lead candidate and two backups. Aftera candidate is chosen, a series of clinical trials willstart. If the vaccine is found to be safe and efficacious,manufacturing will ramp up.What Janssen is doing—and as far as Burtonknows, this has never been done before the Covid-19pandemic rendered the need for a vaccine sourgent—is conducting various phases of vaccine developmentin parallel, rather than in sequence. Asof this writing, the company was expecting to beginPhase 1 trials as soon as September and was alreadypreparing for the manufacture of 300 million dosesof the vaccine, which could be delivered to the publicby the end of this year. “That,” says Burton, “is anunprecedented timeline.”Also unprecedented is the amount of collaboration,both nationally and globally, on the creationof this particular vaccine. J&J researchers in NewJersey, across the country, and in Janssen’s facilitiesin the Netherlands are all working on the vaccine,along with scientists at BARDA—BiomedicalAdvanced Research and Development Authority, abranch of the federal government with which Janssenalready had a relationship—and a host of otherorganizations around the world.“When we do research, we definitely do itPHOTO ILLUSTRATION BY VICKTOR KOENJUNE 2020 NEW JERSEY MONTHLY 45
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